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定语从句
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考纲解读
定语从句是高考的热点, 主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用, 特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。主要考点有: 1. 关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句; 2. 关系副词where引导的定语从句(近三年来常考查先行词是表示抽象空间概念的名词的情况); 3. “介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句; 4. as引导的非限制性定语从句。
考点清单
考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who,whom,whose引导的定语从句
(1)who或whom均可指代人,但who在从句中作主语或宾语,whom在从句中作宾语;两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时,who/that不可省略;作宾语时,whom/who/that可以省略。
①I've become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year.我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。
②I have many friends to I'm going to send post cards.我有很多我打算给寄贺卡的朋友。
(2)whose表所属关系,一般指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which;指人时相当于of whom。
I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class creativity would infect other students.我在班上有一位意想不到的助教,他的创造性经常感染其他的学生。
2.that,which引导的定语从句
(1)which指物,在从句中可以作主语、宾语,也可作定语,作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可,在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语,作宾语时可以省略。
①She showed the visitors around the museum had been constructed three years before.
她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。
②Every day I practiced reading and writing, I used to avoid as much as possible.每天我都练习过去尽量避免去做的阅读和写作。
(2)限制性定语从句中,关系代词只用that不用which的情况:
①先行词为不定代词anything,nothing,something,everything,all,some,none,little,few,the one等时。
I refuse to accept the blame for was someone else's fault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。
②先行词是形容词最高级或序数词,或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
The first place they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
③先行词被the only,the very,the last,the same,any,every,each,few,little,no,some,all等修饰时。
part of the meal I really liked was the dessert.这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。
④先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。
They will never forget they've seen or heard of during their long journey.他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。
(3)关系代词只用which而不用that的情况:
①关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。
The boy was away from home for a week, worried his parents very much.这个男孩离家一个星期了,这使他父母很担心。
②关系代词前有介词时。
We live in an age more info