2023年中考英语现在完成时讲解

现在完成时讲解 现在完成时定义 现在完成时(present perfect)过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或后果,过去一段时间发生一直延续到现在并有可能延续到将来的动作或状态。 e.g I have lost my wallet. / You have learned English for eight years. I have been to Beijing twice. 现在完成时的构成 构成:主语+have/has+past participle+其他.(该句式中的have或has是助动词,当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have) 肯定式:主语+have/has+PP+其他. e.g I 've eaten my lunch. e.g She's eaten her lunch. 否定式:主语+haven't/hasn't+PP+其他. e.g I have not (haven’t) seen the film. e.g She has not (hasn’t) seen the film. 疑问式:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?回答: Yes,主语+have/has. No,主语+haven't/hasn't. e.g Have you known Sandy for a long time? Yes, I have/ No, I haven’t. 按照要求改写句子 I’ve had dinner.(改为疑问句) 2. He has finished his homework.(改为疑问句) 3. Mum’s cooked the dinner.(改为否定句) 4. Susan’s learned English at school.(改为否定句) 现在完成时的用法 1.延续:过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态(有可能延续到将来),只与某些带有延续意义的动词连用,常与since,for连用 e.g He has studied English for 6 years. e.g Mary has been busy since she came back from Hangzhou. since和for 的用法区别 for+时间段 since+过去的时间点(译为:自从.....以来) since 2002 since+时间段+ago since two years ago since+从句(从句用过去时) It is +时间段+since从句(从句用过去时) 注2):短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用,也不能用于how long问句中。 (误)I have left for 5 years. (正)I have been away for 5 years. 注3):since 也可单独使用, 表示“自那时起”;另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气。 e.g I have been here (ever) since then. 2.影响:过去发生的动作和事情对现在产生的影响和结果。 e.g I Have had your supper. e.g I have read the book already. 3.经验:在过去发生过一次或多次的动作,已成为某种经验 e.g We have been to the Great Wall three times. e.g We have never been to England. 现在完成时的的标志词 影响时:already, yet, still, just,before, 延续性:since, for, so far, by now, up to now, till now, 经验:ever, never, once, twice,all/in one’s life ..... (1)already adv 己经 常用语现在完成时肯定句中 e.g I’ve already had breakfast. = I’ve had breakfast already. 一般疑问句: 句末(表示惊讶的语气) “难道” e.g Have you had breakfast already? 注: 有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词. e.g She’s already eighty years old. e.g It was already very late. (2) yet adv 否定句:句末 “还(没)” e.g I haven’t had breakfast yet. 疑问句: 句末 “己经” e.g Have you had breakfast yet? n