内容正文:
情态动词讲解
情态动词:情态动词是一类表示主语情感、态度、能力、看法等的动词。情态动词不单独使用,必须和动词原形连用,对动作施加一种情感、态度等,和动词一起共同构成句子的谓语部分。can/may/must/should/need
2. 用法特点:
(1)后接动词原形
(2)无人称和数的变化
(3)在句中充当助动词
(4)用于状语从句的主句当中时,从句一般用一般现在时
(1) can/could;
用法一:can表示能力,“会,能够”,过去时为could
e.g. -- Can you play baksteball? -- No, I can't.
e.g. I couldn't speak well until I was five.
用法二:can请求或允许, 这时could表示语气的委婉,因此用could进行委婉提问时应该用can回答。
e.g. -- Can I watch TV now, dad?
-- If you have finished your homework, you can.
e.g. --Could I ask you a question? -- Of course you can.
用法三:can表示推测,“可能”,这时could表示可能性更弱;常用于否定和疑问句中, 否定式can't表示“不可能”
e.g. -- Could it be Uncle Sam?
-- It can't be him. He has gone to Paris.
对于could I do sth?表示委婉请求的回答时,肯定回答用:yes/of course, you can.
否定回答:sorry, you can’t.
can’t 意为不可能,表示否定推测 意为不能,不会。
注意: can 和be able to
(1) 表示现在或过去的某项能力时,两者可互用。
I can speak English.= I am able to speak English.
(2) be able to可用于多种时态中,而can 只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
You will be able to travel faster in the near future.
(2)may/might
用法一:表示请求或允许,意为可以,相当于can/could, 但更显正式
e.g. -- May I have a look at your new camera?
-- Sure.
e.g. You may use my car as long as you take good care of it.
e.g. Students may not hang out after 9:40 pm.
用法二:表示推测,“可能,或许”, 相当于can/could, 但可能性更小。
此时might为may 的过去式,或表示可能性比may小。
e.g. It might snow this weekend.
e.g. You may not know him, but you must know his book .
e.g. He may be the one who did it.
用法三:表示希望祈求祝愿,通常用may+主语+v
e.g. May you succeed!祝你成功!
might 用法一:表示请求,许可,意为可以,语气比may更委婉
e.g. Might I use it?
might用法二:表示推测,意为可能,可能性低于may
e.g. He is absent today. He might be sick.
might用法三:may 的过去式,以为可能
e.g. She was worried that we might get hurt.
must/have to
must用法
用法一:表示主观看法,意为必须,一定。对其进行否定回答应用needn't ; don't/doesn't have to,肯定回答用must。
e.g -- Must I hand in my homework right now?
-- No, you don't have to. You can do it later.
用法二:其否定形式为mustn't,表示禁止,不许。
e.g. Hey look at the sign! It means you mustn't smoke here.
用法三:表示有把握的推测,用于肯定句
e.g. The light is on, s