2023年中考英语二轮复习三大从句详细讲解

宾语从句 宾语从句(The object clause) 定义：复合句中，放在动词或介词后充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句。 句子结构：主句 + (引导词) + 宾语从句 宾语从句三要素：时态 / 语序 / 引导词 一.引导词 1.that：在句中不充当任何成分，可以省略 e.g I hope that you can join us one day. 2. if/whether：表示对从句所表达的内容不确定，“是否”。 e.g I don't know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. 只用whether不用if的情况 (1)引导介词后的宾语从句时。 e.g I'm interested in whether he likes English. (2)直接与or not连用时。如： e.g Your habits will decide whether or not you are successful in the future. (3)引导动词discuss后的宾语从句时。如： e.g We are discussing whether we should start out now. (4)宾语从句置于句首时。 e.g Whether this is true or not, I'm not sure. if 的双重性 if 如果，引导条件状语从句，if 是否，引导宾语从句 I don’t know if he ________(come) tomorrow, if he _______(come), I will tell you. 3.特殊疑问词： ① 连接代词(what/ which/who/whose/whom/whatever等) 一般表疑问，但what, whatever除了表疑问，也可表陈述。它们在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语等，不能省略。 e.g Just tell me what you had for breakfast. e.g He has got what he want. ② 连接副词(why/how/when/where等) 在宾语从句中作状语，不可以省略。 e.g Do you know why he looks worried？ 二．语序 宾语从句的语序是陈述语序。 如何区分陈述语序和疑问语序： 看位置：陈述句中的be动词, 情态动词 ,助动词在主语后,而在疑问句中,它们则在主语前. I think that he will come to China next year. I want to know if he was at home yesterday. Can you tell me where does your mother work? Do you know who can answer the question? Please tell us where is the hospital? 3． 时态 1. 如果主句是现在的时态(包括：一般现在时，现在进行时,现在完成时）,从句的时态根据实际情况而定 he will ask Jim a question. He says he isn’t feeling well now. he came back last night. he has been here twice before. 2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句必须是过去时态的某一种。 e.g I knew who lived here. e.g I saw she was talking with her mother. e.g He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. e.g He said that he had seen it . 3.当宾语从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句等时，宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制，仍用一般现在时。 e.g He told me the earth around the sun. （move） 四．在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。 e.g I’m sorry (that) I don’t know . e.g e’re sur