2023届高三英语一轮复习难点语法讲义

定语从句 定语从句三步骤： 1.先找出两个句子中相同的名词 2.判断名词是人还是物。人：who/that:物：which/that 3.将that/who/which引导的句子放干相同名词的后面 Eg:I know the girl. The girl comes from Beijing. I know the girl who comes from Beijing. 不能用which,只能用that: 1.前面先行词是不定代词.包括all,anything,nothing,the one,much,little 2.如果先行词中出现了the only,the very等 3.如果先行词中出现了序数词和形容词最高级 4.如果先行词中既有人.又有物 省略： 一、(1).定语从句的回顾：定语从句的两种连接词：关系代词和关系副词 关系代词：that,which,who等 关系副词：when,where,why. (2).在定语从句中，关系代词充当从句的主语或者宾语。 Fruit that contains vitamin C can relieve a cold. The man who we met yesterday is a famous psychologist. This is the right book that you are looking for. 二、关系词充当宾语的时候，可以直接省略，而从居不发生任何形式的改变。 Eg:The man who we met yesterday is a famous psychologist.=The man we met yesterday is a famous psychologist. Eg:This is the right book that u r looking 4=This is the right book u r looking 4 三、关系词充当主语 (1)谓语结构为实词，将关系代词进行省略，而从句中的实词要发生形式的改变。 如果原本从句是一个主动语态可以将动词直接变成g形式。如果原本谓语动词是一个被 动语态，可以直接保留过去分词。 Eg:Fruit that contains vitamin C can relieve a cold.=Fruit containing vitamin C can relieve a cold. Eg:I know the girl who comes from Beijing=I know the girl coming from Beijing Eg:I have a dog which is called King. I have a dog called King. Eg:She likes reading books(which were)written by Hemingway. (2)谓语结构为be+名词.这时，可以锊be动词同时省略.将后面的名词和从前 从句所修饰的名词构成同位语结构。 Eg:I know Yu Minhong who is the president of New Oriental School. I know Yu Minhong ,the president of New Oriental School. 四、先行词为the way,后面的关系代词可以是that,in which或者是不加任何关系代词。 Eg I like the way u talk. 状语从句的省略(1) 状语从句省略的两种情况 一主句和从句的主语保持一致，进行省略，称为分词作状语 1 二若前后主语不一致，进行省略。则称作独立主格结构 一分词作状语 (1)条件：状语从句.前后主语一致 (2)形式：分词作状语在句首+分词作状语在句后 (3)省略方式：关系词（可有可无）+动词的形式变化(ed/ing) 1.用作时间状语从句 When (As soon as)the mouse saw the cat,it ran off. 省略：Seeing the cat,the mouse ran off. 2.用作原因状语从句 As she was very weak,she couldn't move. 省略：Being very weak,she couldn't move Because she was much discouraged,she moved on to London. 省略：Being much discouraged,she moved on to London, 3.用作条件状语从句 If you work hard,you will succeed. 省略：Working hard,you w