内容正文:
中考英语句子成分知识讲与练
一、主语、谓语
【练习】
说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分
1.①Class②begins at eight.
2.①The_teachers②are_having a meeting.
3.At five o'clock, ①they②left.
4.①Put_up your hand if you ②have any questions.
5.①Smoking②does harm to your health.
6.There ①is②a_pen on the desk.
7.①Who②teaches you maths, Xiao Hua?
8.①This_story②happened in London.
9.①The_rich②should_help the poor.
10.This weekend, ①some_of_us②are_going_to_have a picnic with the teachers.
【答案】
0
3
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1.①主语 ②谓语
2.①主语 ②谓语
3.①主语 ②谓语
4.①谓语 ②谓语
5.①主语 ②谓语
6.①谓语 ②主语
7.①主语 ②谓语
8.①主语 ②谓语
9.①主语 ②谓语
10.①主语 ②谓语
【讲解】
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各个部分在句子中所起的作用分别称为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体。
1.主语(Subject)
主语是句子的主体部分,是说明的对象,是动作的执行者或发出者。主语通常由名词、代词等充当(主语有时是动作的承受者,这时谓语应用被动语态)。
[例]
The students are listening to me carefully.
学生们在认真听我讲课。
They want to learn English well.
他们想学好英语。
2.谓语(Predicate)
谓语用来表示主语的状态或行为动作。
(1)简单谓语
由一个动词或动词短语构成,不管是什么时态、语态、语气。
[例]
He practises running every morning.
他每天早上练习跑步。
Don't play in the street.
不要在街上玩。
He is doing his homework now.
他现在正在做家庭作业。
(2)复合谓语
①由情态动词或某些其他助动词加不带to的动词不定式构成。
[例]
You may keep the book for two weeks.
这本书你可以借两周。
He had to stay at home.
他不得不待在家里。
②由系动词加表语构成。
[例]
We are students.我们是学生。
【练习】
指出下列句子中的主语和谓语(画线部分)
1.①He②has_become more and more interested in English.
2.①The_living②should_go_on_with his work.
3.①He②practises speaking English every morning.
4.①The_child②has_been_brought_up by his grandmother.
5.①To_see②is_to_believe.
6.①It②is_necessary③to_help_him_out.
7.①He②looked_after the children carefully.
8.①Four_plus_four②is_eight.
9.①He②can_speak English very well.
10.①Playing_football in the street ②is_dangerous.
【答案】
1.①主语 ②谓语
2.①主语 ②谓语
3.①主语 ②谓语
4.①主语 ②谓语
5.①主语 ②谓语
6.①形式主语 ②谓语 ③真正主语
7.①主语 ②谓语
8.①主语 ②谓语
9.①主语 ②谓语
10.①主语 ②谓语
【练习】
汉译英
1.他昨天下午到达海南。
2.我们经常在课堂上说英语。
3.掌握一门外语是有必要的。
4.张教授是著名的科学家。
5.我们打算今晚去拜访他。
【答案】
1.Yesterday afternoon he reached Hainan.
2.We often speak English in class.
3.It is necessary to master a foreign language.
4.Professor Zhang is a famous scientist.
5.We are going to