2024届中考英语专项复习模块一词汇：10.非谓语动词

非谓语动词 非谓语动词有3种形式：不定式、分词和动名词。 动词不定式 动词不定式由“t⊙+动词原形”构成（有时不带to)。它不能单独作谓语，不随主语的人 称和数的变化而变化。动词不定式连同它的宾语、状语等一起构成不定式短语，不定式短语 可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和主语补足语。 1.动词不定式的句法作用 (1)作主语 ①不定式在句中作主语，相当于名词或代词的作用，谓语动词通常用单数。 To learn English well is difficult. To read good books makes him happy. ②不定式作主语常常用t作为形式主语，不定式置于句尾。其句型有3种： 1)It+v.+宾语/表语+to do sth. It is a great honor to give a lecture here It is a great pleasure to work with you. ● It took me two days to finish the report. ● It makes me feel happy to think about my kids. 公 It+be+表语+for sb.+to do sth. ● It is not easy for her to grasp a foreign language. ● It was necessary for him to find out the truth. ● It is hard for us to work out the problem. 3)It+be+表语+of+名词/代词+to do sth. ● It is very kind of you to give me a hand. ● It was careless of you to leave your bag in the taxi. ③“疑问代词/疑问副词/连接词+不定式”结构作主语 How to stop polluting rivers is a big problem. When and where to hold the meeting is still unknown. (2)作表语 ①动词不定式直接作表语 The most important thing for him is to take care of his parents. The only thing we can do is to wait and see. Our goal is to reach the top of the mountain before 11 a.m. ②“how/what/when/where/which/why+不定式”结构作表语 ● The question is how to improve ourselves in English. The point is when to leave for Hong Kong. The difficulty is which one to give the reward to. (3)作宾语 ①动词不定式直接作及物动词的宾语 常以动词不定式作宾语的动词由：afford,agree,ask,begin,choose,continue,decide, demand,expect,forget,hate,help,intend,learn,like,mean,need,offer,plan,prepare,prefer, pretend,promise,refuse,remember,require,start,try,volunteer,want,wish 其句型是：主语+vt.+to do sth. I can't afford to buy an apartment. ● They decided to visit their grandparents on the weekend. ● Someone forgot to turn off the light. His father promised to take him to the science museum on Sunday. ②以t作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾语 1)主语+vt.+it+宾语补足语+to do sth. They found it impossible to get there on time. The high-speed train makes it possible to reach Changsha in three hours. We consider it our duty to do so. 2)