句子的结构2023-2024学年仁爱科普版八年级英语上册

2、 句子的结构简单句 并列句 复合句 句子的结构 1. 简单句 只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。 简单句的五种基本结构: (1) 主语+系动词+表语 He is a student. Is the town three miles away? (2) 主语+谓语(不及物动词) We work hard. (3) 主语+谓语+宾语 Tom bought a new book. (4) 主语+谓语+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语) He gave us a lecture. (5) 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 The teacher made us laugh. 2. 并列句 有并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫并列句。常见的并列句如下: (1) 并列关系:常用连词有and, not only...but also...等 She not only dances well but she also sings well. (2) 转折关系:常用连词有but, yet等 It is a small car, yet it’s surprisingly spacious. (3) 因果关系:常用连词有for, so等 He didn’t attend the meeting, for he was ill. (4) 选择关系:常用连词有or, or else, either...or...等 Either you come to my house or I go to yours. (5) when 可用作并列连词,意为“这时,那时”,相当于 and at this/that time。常用于下列句式:①sb. was doing sth.when....②sb.was about to/going to do sth. when...③sb. had just done sth. when... I was about to go out when the telephone rang. We were having a meeting when someone broke in. I had just finished my homework when my mother came in. (6) while作为并列连词,意为“而,却”,表示对比 He likes pop music,while I am fond of classical music. 3. 复合句 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子,叫做复合句。主句和从句都具有主语和谓语,但从句只是主句中的一个成分,不能独立存在。根据从句在全句中的不同作用,从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。前四种从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词,统称为名词性从句。(关于本部分的内容详解见名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句) (1) 状语从句 Check your answers before you turn in your papers. (2) 定语从句 A doctor is a person who looks after people’s health. (3) 主语从句 What he did made his mother angry. (4) 宾语从句 Parents shouldn’t give their children whatever they want. (5) 表语从句 This is because you are too careless. (6) 同位语从句 The girl were surprised at the that ocean ships can sail into the Great Lakes. 翻译下列句子(英译汉或汉译英) 1. 听到他下周六将要回来的消息我特别开心。 2. 穿着绿色衣服的男孩是我的哥哥。 3. 我想知道是否你会答应我的请求。 4. 他所做的都是为了提升自己。 5. 这是因为我生病了。 6. 我很高兴遇见珍妮,但是我不想一整天和她待在一起。 7. 我非常努力学习。 8. Always keep in remind that your main task is to study. 9. Mr. Zhang felt very tired, so he needed a good rest. 10. Give me a chance, and I will give you a surprise. 11. The girl who is dancing now is just returned from Beijing. 12. I must fi