内容正文:
句子成分和句子种类及练习
(2) 句子种类
陈述句
疑问句
祈使句
感叹句
句子种类
1. 陈述句
用来叙述一件事情或表明说话人的看法、态度等,句末用“.”,一般用降调。包括肯定句和否定句。
(1)肯定句
下列结构虽然表示否定的含义,但是仍然是肯定句:
①借助于反义词缀,如:un-, in-, ir-, dis-, -less, -non等,表示相反或否定的意义。
The man is dishonest.
②借助于介词或介词短语表示否定概念。without, instead of, against, out of, beyond, but for等
Keep off the grass.
③形容词last有时可表示“最不可能的”“最不适合的”等,表示强烈否定。
He is the last person I'd ask for help.
④借助于一些固定短语或习语来表达否定的这个概念。
be free from/of无……的,不受……影响
be far from远不能
protect...from..使……不受……
run/be short of缺少
too...to...太……而不能……
anything but一点也不
The bridge is anything but safe.
(2) 否定句
①如果谓语有be动词、助动词或情态动词时,其否定形式是在这些词后加not。
I am not good at Chinese.
②如果句子的谓语只有实义动词形式,在谓语动词前要用do,does,did的否定形式。
They didn't know my address or telephone number.
③借助于否定词(组) not,no, never, no one, nobody, nowhere,nothing,none等以及半否定词 hardly,Scarcely, rarely,seldom,few,little等,构成否定句。
Nobody knows him.
I have never been to Sydney.
④英语中有时可以用否定的结构表示肯定的含义。
a.“cannot/can't/can never..too..”表示“无论怎么……也不过分”“越……越好”。
You can't be too careful.你越仔细越好。
b.“canno buv/can't help buv/can't choose but”表示“只好……”“不能不……”
You can't help but admire him.
注意:
1) have在表示“有”的意思时,其否定形式有两
种,一是在其后加not,二是利用助动词do的不同形式。
I haven't any spare time to play football.
I don't have any spare time to play football.
2) too..to..结构中:①如果too后面有ready,eager,willing, anxious, easy,satisfied, happy, glad,
pleased 等形容词时,too常常相当于very,后面的不定式无否定意义。
Don't be too ready to believe others.
I'm too willing to help.
②如果too...to..结构之前有but, only, all, never, not时,是强调肯定的表示法。
English is not too difficult to learn.
It's never too late to learn.
③在“too..to…”结构中,不定式为否定式时,构成双重否定,译成“非常/很……,不会不……”
He is too kind not to help you.
知识 拓展
1)部分否定与全部否定
①both与 all, every 及其相关合成词用于否定句时,通常表示部分否定。
all...not...= not all...并非所有的……都……
both...not...= not both...并非两个…都……
every..not..= not every...并非每一个……都……
表示部分否定时“not all/both/every...” 较 “all/both/every...not..”更常用。
Not both of them are useful.
It is not found everywhere.
②若表示完全否定,可借助于none, no one, nobody, nothing, neither等。n