2024届上海市高考英语语法专题一：定语从句讲义

考点一：定语从句 一、定义 定语从句是一个从句，用来修饰一个名词或代词（先行词），使其更具体、明确。定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后，起到对先行词的补充、限制或说明作用。 二、关系代词的用法 关系代词在定语从句中起到连接作用，并在从句中充当特定的句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语等。 who / that： 指代人，可用作主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语。 The woman who is standing there is my mother. (主语) The person that I met yesterday is my new neighbor. (宾语) whom / who / that： 指代人的宾语，也可用作宾语补足语。 The teacher whom I respect is retiring. (宾语) She is the person who I was talking about. (宾语补足语) which / that： 指代物，可用作主语、宾语、表语。 The book that I'm reading is very interesting. (主语) Is this the bag which you lost? (宾语) whose： 表示所有关系，指代人和物。 The student whose project won the competition is my friend. as： 引导主语从句，表示“正如”。 As I told you before, the meeting is at 3 PM. 三、关系副词的用法 关系副词在定语从句中用于修饰先行词，指代时间、地点或原因。 when： 指代时间。 This is the day when we first met. where： 指代地点。 The city where he was born is famous for its history. why： 指代原因。 That's the reason why I couldn't attend the party. 四、特殊情况 非限定性定语从句： 用逗号隔开，作为对先行词的额外补充说明。 My brother, who is a doctor, lives in London. as 引导的定语从句： 用于特定结构，限定性或非限定性都可以。 The same car as you have is available at the showroom. 定语从句中的插入成分： 不影响定语从句的构成和分析。 The book, which I borrowed from the library, is due next week. 练习： 填空练习： 根据句意和所给提示，选择合适的关系词填空。 The person ____________ you just talked to is Mr. Smith. The house ____________ we lived in was very old. This is the book ____________ you borrowed from the library. The reason ____________ he failed the exam is that he didn't study. He is the only student ____________ passed the difficult exam. Is this the city ____________ you were born? This is the film ____________ I want to watch. I still remember the time ____________ we spent together. They planted some trees, most of ____________ were oak trees. The hotel ____________ we stayed at was very comfortable. 选择练习： 选择最合适的关系词或关系副词填空。 Is this the place ____________ you lost your wallet? a) when b) where c) why d) which The man ____________ you talked to is the director of the company. a) whom b) which c) who d) whose Th