Unit 1 Section Ⅳ Discovering Useful Structures——短语（1）-2022-2023学年高一新教材英语必修第一册【步步高】学习笔记（人教版）

Section Ⅳ　Discovering Useful Structures——短语(1) 1．Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge.(名词短语作表语) 2．The first week was a little confusing.(形容词短语作表语) 3．First, I had to think very carefully about which courses I want to take.(副词短语作状语) 4．My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I’m good at it.(名词短语作宾语) 5．The main purpose of the course is to help improve each student’s reading ability.(名词短语作主语) 6．Finding time for both studies and extra－curricular activities is a big challenge, so I need to make a workable schedule.(名词短语作宾语) 一、名词短语(Noun Phrase或NP) 1．名词短语的定义：名词与它的修饰语一起构成的短语。 2．名词短语的句法功能 (1)名词短语在句中充当主语。 These red roses are for you. 这些红玫瑰是送给你的。 (2)名词短语在句中充当宾语。 I have three close friends.我有三个要好的朋友。 (3)名词短语在句中充当表语。 He is my best friend.他是我最好的朋友。 (4)名词短语在句中充当宾语补足语。 We consider him a good teacher. 我们认为他是一位好老师。 　指出下列句子中加黑名词短语在句中所作的句子成分，并注意其组成 ①These ideas may seem strange to you.作主语 ②We love our great motherland very much.作宾语 ③The man wearing a black coat is our teacher.作表语 ④Those beautiful flowers come from Yunnan.作主语 ⑤We made him capital of our team.作宾补 ⑥He got three gold medals at the 23rd Olympic Games.作宾语 ⑦The tall building was built last year.作主语 [名师点津]　 (1)名词短语在句中作名词用，一般用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等。 (2)名词短语由“(限定词)＋(数词、形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词)＋名词＋(介词短语)”组成。限定词包括冠词(a，an，the)、指示代词(this，that，these，those等)、形容词性物主代词(my，your，his，her，our，their，its等)和不定代词(some，no，neither，both等)。 二、形容词短语(Adjective Phrase或AdjP) 1．形容词短语的定义：是指由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。 2．形容词短语的组成 (1)两个或多个形容词由and, but等连接构成形容词短语。 Your room is large and beautiful.你的房间大且美丽。 (2)very等程度副词作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语。 It is very hot today.今天很热。 (3)介词及其宾语可用在形容词后修饰形容词，可与形容词构成形容词短语。 I am sure of success.我确信会成功的。 (4)不定式在形容词后作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语。 He is sure to come.他一定会来的。 　写出下面句中的形容词短语 ①He is young but clever.young__but__clever ②The room was very dirty.very__dirty ③The road is long enough.long__enough ④The bottle is full of water.full__of__water ⑤She is a girl lively and