内容正文:
一、句子成分和句子种类
句子种类
陈述句
句子种类
1. 陈述句
句子种类
陈述句
用来叙述一件事情或表明说话人的看法、态度等,句末用“.”,一般用降调。包括肯定句和否定句。
(1)肯定句
下列结构虽然表示否定的含义,但是仍然是肯定句:
①借助于反义词缀,如:un-, in-, ir-, dis-, -less, -non等,表示相反或否定的意义。
The man is dishonest.
陈述句
②借助于介词或介词短语表示否定概念。without, instead of, against, out of, beyond, but for等
Keep off the grass.
③形容词last有时可表示“最不可能的”“最不适合的”等,表示强烈否定。
He is the last person I'd ask for help.
陈述句
④借助于一些固定短语或习语来表达否定的这个概念。
be free from/of无……的,不受……影响 be far from远不能 protect...from..使……不受…… run/be short of缺少 too...to...太……而不能…… anything but一点也不
The bridge is anything but safe.
陈述句
(2)否定句
①如果谓语有be动词、助动词或情态动词时,其否定形式是在这些词后加not。 I am not good at Chinese.
②如果句子的谓语只有实义动词形式,在谓语动词前要用do,does,did的否定形式。 They didn't know my address or telephone number.
陈述句
③借助于否定词(组) not,no, never, no one,nobody, nowhere, nothing, none 等以及半否定词 hardly,Scarcely, rarely, seldom, few, little等,构成否定句。
Nobody knows him.
I have never been to Sydney.
陈述句
④英语中有时可以用否定的结构表示肯定的含义。
a.“cannot/can't/can never..too..”表示“无论怎么……也不过分”“越……越好”。
You can't be too careful.
b.“canno buv/can't help buv/can't choose but”表示“只好……”“不能不……” You can't help but admire him.
陈述句
注意:
(1) have在表示“有”的意思时,其否定形式有两 种,一是在其后加not,二是利用助动词do的不同形式。
I haven't any spare time to play football. I don't have any spare time to play football.
陈述句
(2) too..to..结构中:
①如果too后面有ready,eager,willing, anxious, easy,satisfied, happy, glad,
pleased 等形容词时,too常常相当于very,后面的不定式无否定意义。
Don't be too ready to believe others. I'm too willing to help.
陈述句
(2) too..to..结构中:
②如果too...to..结构之前有but, only, all, never, not时,是强调肯定的表示法。 English is not too difficult to learn.
It's never too late to learn.
陈述句
③在“too..to…”结构中,不定式为否定式时,构成双重否定,译成“非常/很……,不会不……”
He is too kind not to help you.
句子种类
2. 疑问句
疑问句
(1)一般疑问句
用yes,no来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句,但在口语中有时也用yes,no之外的词或词组回答。口语中若无特殊含义,句末用升调。
一般疑问句
用法:
①用yes,no回答的一般疑问句
Are your parents doctors?
Yes,they both are.
一般疑问句
②用yes,no之外的词回答的一般疑问句 一般疑问句也可用其他表示肯定或否定的词或词组回答,如c