Unit2 Period 3 Grammar 过去完成时的被动语态 导学案-2023-2024学年高二外研版（2019）英语选择性必修第二册

Period 3 Grammar 过去完成时的被动语态 考向分析：过去完成时的被动语态是考纲要求的重点语法。语法填空，短文改错均有涉及。 学习目标： 1.过去完成时的基本用法和结构 学习重点：过去完成时的基本用法 易混易错知识：过去完成时与过去式的区别 自主预习: [观察例句] 1 ．By nine o'clock last night ，200 pictures had been sent from the spaceship. 2 ．My homework had been finished by 10：00 this morning. 3 ．She told me that the factory had been closed down. 4 ．I was told that the task had been finished before I got there. [归纳用法] 一、构成形式 (1)过去完成时的被动语态的肯定式为：had ＋ been ＋ done。 (2)过去完成时的被动语态的否定式为：had ＋ not ＋ been ＋ done。 (3)过去完成时的被动语态的一般疑问式需将 had 提到主语的前面。 (4)过去完成时的被动语态的特殊疑问式为：疑问词 ＋ had＋ been ＋ done。 二、基本用法 1. 过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下情况： (1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与 by ，before 等引导的时间状语连用。 The work had been finished by five o'clock yesterday afternoon. The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came. How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended? Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting? (2)用在 told ，said ，knew ，heard ，thought 等动词之后的宾语从句中。 He said the production costs had been reduced. The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in. The media reported more than 1 ，000 people had been killed in the earthquake. 2.用法 过去完成时的被动语态通常表示一个被动动作在过去某一时刻或某个动作之前已经发生或 完成，主语是动作的承受者。具体使用场合： （1）过去的两个动作发生的先后顺序能通过语境判断出来，先发生的被动动作用过去完成时表示。 （2）用于一些主从复合句或含特定时间状语的简单句中。 He told me that the tickets had already been sold out.他告诉我票已经卖完了。 The newspaper reported more than 100 people had been killed in the hurricane.报纸报道说有一百多人在飓风中丧生。 Though he had been told my telephone number many times, he still couldn't remember it. 虽然已 被告知我的电话号码很多次了，但他还是记不住。 Several months later, most of the buildings which had been damaged in the earthquake were repaired.几个月后，大多数在地震中损坏的建筑物都得到了修复。 200 cars had been produced by the end of last year.到去年年底，已经生产了 200 辆汽车。 The fire had been put out before the firefighters arrived. 消防队员到达之前，大火已经被扑灭 了。 3.特殊句式 （1）用于 It was the first/second/…time that+主语+had been done（+其他）句型中。 It was the first time that the meeting had been held in Zhengzhou. （2）在虚拟条件句中，条件从句表示对过去的情况的假设时：if+主语