语篇关键词在不同高考题型中的解题作用 讲义-2023届高三英语二轮复习

高考英语复习专题指导：语篇关键词在不同高考题型中的解题作用 利用语篇关键词 提升阅读理解题型解题能力 1. 锁定关键词，提升破解语篇主旨能力 一般语篇主题词直接出现在主题句里，主题句常见的有两种类型，一种是先提出主题,随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想；一种是先表述细节,后归纳要点结论,概括主题。前一种一般出现在语篇的首段，后一种一般在语篇的末段。命题人通常会利用主题句，设置主旨大意类的试题。如， 30. Which of the following is the best title for the text? (2022年1月高考浙江卷） A. More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia B. Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise C. Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia D.Biking Improves Women’s Cardiovascular Fitness 语篇首段如下：The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia （失智症）in later life—and if they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women. 通过语篇信号词but可知、a new bonus是最后一句所描述的内容，也是语篇的主题句，定位了主题句很快就可以锁定语篇的关键词，就是physically fit和dementia，语篇就是论述它们之间的关系，因此通过定位主题句快速锁定关键词，有助于考生破解语篇主旨，提升解题速度和自信。又如， 30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?(2020年7月高考浙江卷） A. Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills B. Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs C. Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp D. Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age 通过阅读语篇段首，Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking,planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age，a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.很容易定位主题句，其中planning and other managerial skills和stay sharp短语为关键词，再结合末段，Of course，our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons—including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still，continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help. 最后一句很显然是主题句，关键词为challenge yourself mentally、keeping your mind busy和help，首尾段所说的就是要让大脑做有难度的工作才能让其保持敏锐，通过提炼这些关键词，考生很快就能选出正确答案。 2.捕捉关键词，提升概括能力 阅读理解语篇一般都是围绕某个主题展开的，常有一个反复出现的词或短语，抓住了这些词或短语，便抓住了文章的主题，考生就能轻松概括语篇大意。命题人通常会利用同义复现，设置主旨大意类的试题。如， 30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?(2020年