2024届高考英语一轮复习说明文阅读理解讲解课件

2024高考一轮复习 阅读理解CD篇（说明文阅读） 说明文大多介绍自然科学、社会科学领域的最新成果等等。 说明文可分为三种类型：描写某事物的性质功用，即“对象+性质功用+好处”；针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施，即“问题+解决方法”；介绍某现象及其原因和结果，即“现象+原因+结果”。 说明事物可采用多种写作手法：例如举例、分类法或类比、对比法，给事物下定义或分析事物产生的原因以及后果。无论采用什么说明方法，作者都是为了说明事物的本质特征、清晰地展现所说明的事物。因此阅读说明文时应着重找出所说明事物的定义及其特点。 说明文文体整体由以下要素组成：背景（background）、定义（definition）、研究实验过程（study）、原理或原因（principle/reason）、优缺点（advantages and disadvantages）、未来前景（prospect）等，说明文文章会从中选取几个角度重点介绍。需要对文章的组成信息有了整体把握。 此处添加标题文本 This is a good space for a short subtitle 例题一 理清文章结构 （2023 新高考I卷D） ①On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. ②This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. ③But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. ④In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researche