内容正文:
非谓语动词
Non-Infinitive
非谓语动词的形式
形式
肯定式
否定式:以上肯定形式前加not,如:not to do, not doing, not to be done等
复合结构
动名词的复合结构:名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+动名词
不定式的复合结构:for sb./sth.+不定式
不定式
现在分词、动名词
过去分词:done
主动形式:to do, to be doing, to have done, to have been doing
被动形式:to be done, to have been done
主动形式:doing, having done
被动形式:being done, having been done
句法功能
一、非谓语动词作宾语
①下列动词一般用不定式作宾语
口诀 解释 例句
决心学会想希望 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 当我经过时,她假装没看见我。
We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet. 我们约好了在此地见面,但是她到现在还没有露面。
拒绝设法愿假装 refuse, manage, care, pretend
主动答应选计划 offer, promise, choose, plan
同意请求帮一帮 agree, ask/beg, help
此外,afford, strive, happen(碰巧),wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。
②下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语
口诀 对应动词(词组) 例句
考虑建议盼原谅 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon The squirrels were lucky that they just missed being caught. 松鼠们很幸运没有被抓住。
I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon. 我对你今天下午回电话表示感谢。
I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. 我几乎不能想象Peter在五天之内横渡大西洋。
承认推迟没得想 admit, delay/put off, fancy(想象,设想)
避免错过继续练 avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice
否认完成就欣赏 deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate
禁止想象才冒险 forbid, imagine, risk
不禁介意准逃亡 can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape
注意:
allow, permit, forbid, advise, consider后需加动名词作宾语,但如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,则用不定式作宾补。
allow
permit
forbid
advise
consider
例句:
We don’t allow smoking in the hall.
Smoking is forbidden here but you are allowed to smoke over there.
+
doing sth.(动名词作宾语)
sb. to do sth.(不定式作宾补)
③作介词的宾语
无论是普通介词还是含介词的动词短语一般情况下要用动名词形式作宾语。
例句:
If you insist on doing something, do it everyday.
After finishing his share of the work he went to help the others.
注意:
to既可以作介词,也可以作不定式符号,因此要牢记含介词to的常用短语。
含介词to的短语 例句
be used to(习惯于)
be accustomed to(习惯于)
be opposed to(反对)
lead to(导致)
be devoted to(献身于)
come close to(差不多)
stick to(坚持,坚守)
get down to(着手)
pay attention to(注意)
reduce sb./sth. to(使沦为) He is used to getting up