内容正文:
高考英语语法知识讲解
一、同位语
(一)给文章增添细节
1.概念
句子中同一个位置,指代同一个事物或者群体的两个名词,或名词类短语,句子,互为同位
关系。
其中,后面的名词是前面名词的同位语。
若后面名词的位置上是句子,则是前面名词所跟的同位语从句。
2.功能
同位语通常是对前面名词进行进一步的解释说明,在写作中可以为文章增添一些细节类信息。
例:
We Chinese people are brave.
我们中国人勇敢。
这个句子中,存在两个名词(短语):we和Chinese people。
We和Chinese people都放在be动词are前面,即主语的位置上,满足同位关系。
we=Chinese people,满足指代同一个群体。
所以,we和Chinese people互为同位关系,后面的Chinese people是前面代名词we的同
位语。
【例句】
Our English teacher,a kind lady,is patient with us.
我们的英语老师,一个善良的女士,对我们很有耐心。
our English teacher和a kind lady都放在is前面的主语位置上,满足同位关系。
且our English teacher=a kind lady,所以,a kind lady是our English teacher的同位
语。
Beijing,the capital city of China,is located in north of China.
北京一一中国的首都,位于中国的北部。
the capital city of China和Beijing都放在is前面,满足同位关系
且Beijing=the capital city of China,所以,the capital city of China是Beijing
的同位语。
The news that our team has won the game is true.
我们赢得比赛的消息是真的。
the news和that our team has won the game都放在is前面的主语位置上,满足同位关系。
且the news=-that our team has won the game,所以that our team has won the game是
the news的同位语。
因为that our team has won the game是个句子,所以称为同位语从句。
He didn't answer my question why he left without telling us
他没有回复我的疑问一为什么他不告而别。
my question和why he left without telling us都放在谓语answer后面的宾语位置上,
满足同位关系。
my question=why he left without telling us,why he left without telling us
是my question的同位语。
因为why he left without telling us是个句子,所以称为同位语从句。
We supported his suggestion that the dam should be built at the foot of the
mountain.
我们支持他的建议一一大坝应该建在山脚下。
1
his suggestion和that the dam should be built at the foot of the mountain都放在
谓语动词supported后面的宾语位置上,满足同位关系。
且his suggestion=that the dam should be built at the foot of the mountain,所以,
that the dam should be built at the foot of the mountain是his suggestion的同位语。
因为that the dam should be built at the foot of the mountain是个句子,所以是同位
语从句。
(二)非限制性定语从句的简化
【例句】
1.Beijing,the capital city of China,is located in the north.
北京,中国的首都,位于北方。
Beijing=the capital city of China,且都在主语的位置上,所以,the capital city of
China是Beijing的同位语.
2.Red Sorghum was wr