2024届高考英语复习语法知识讲解讲义（5种基本句型+4种句子成分）

高考英语基本句型 英语中常见的句型有以下五种： 1、主语+谓语 2、主语+谓语+宾语 3、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 4、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 5、主语+谓语（系动词)+表语 一、主谓结构 I write、(我写字) You smile、(你微笑) He leaves、(他离开了) She dances、(她跳舞) The river floods、(河水泛滥) The accident happened、(那场事故发生了) 某人（或事物）做某事，其中某人（或事物）是动作或行为的发起者，我们称其为主语，后 面的动作或行为我们称之为谓语。 二、主谓宾结构 I write a letter. You leave your home. He goes to school. She beats me. The flood destroys many houses. The accident causes 2 deaths. 上述句子的共同点在于除了表示某人（或事物）做某事之外，还牵涉了另一个人（或事物）， 这个人（或事物）作为动作或行为的承受者，我们称其为宾语。 三、主谓+双宾结构 I write you a letter. His father left hima lot of money. He bought me a new phone. She told me the truth. The government gave him a new mission. 在主谓宾结构之外，上述句子又增加了一个人（或事物）作为动作的承受者，也就是又一个 宾语。也可以改写为： I wrote a letter to you. His father left a lot of money to him. He bought a new phone for me. She told the truth to me. The government gave a new mission to him. 可以看到，这样调整之后句子的前半部分仍然是完整的主谓宾结构。为了表示区分，我们将 两个宾语分别称为间接宾语和直接宾语。 1 四、主谓宾+宾补结构 I feel the water too hot. He found the letter interesting. I heard the birds singing. He saw an old man knocked down by a car. She told me to go to school. The music makes me happy. The World Bank helped the country get through the crisis. (划线部分为宾语补足语) 上述的句子前半部分虽然包含主谓宾结构，但是如果没有后半部分的补充，句子的含义是不 完整的。同时，划线部分的修饰对象都是宾语，因此我们把这一成分称为宾语补足语（宾补）， 上述句型则称为主谓宾宾补结构。 五、主系表结构 I am Mike. Mike is a teacher. I am happy. I feel relaxed. It sounds interesting. The water is hot. The letter is in the envelope. That is why you failed. 在主谓宾结构中宾语是作为“主语发起的动作或行为的承受者”。在主系表结构中，表语是 对主语的一种补充说明、解释或者重命名。 从用途或作用的角度我们再来看上述句子： I am Mike、将主语I命名为Mike Mike is a teacher.补充说明主语Mike的职业 I am happy.补充说明主语I的心情 I feel relaxed.补充说明主语I的感受 It sounds interesting.补充说明主语It带给人的感受 The water is hot.补充说明主语the weather的属性 The letter is in the envelope.补充说明主语the letter的属性 That is why you failed.对主语that作解释 英语中绝大部分的句子，不论长短，均可以归类到这五种句型。 下面是一些练习，测试一下你能否发现以下句子的句型。 1、This is good news. 2.I had a wonderful day yesterday. 3.My friend asked me for help. 4.If you had asked,I would give you all I have. 5.The reason you ca