考点19 阅读理解主旨大意题（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（上海专用）

考点19 阅读理解主旨大意题（核心考点精讲精练） 近3年真题考点分布 题型 阅读理解主旨大意题细目表 高考考点 题号 主旨大意题数量 2022上海秋考 59、63、66、 3 2022上海春考 59、62、66、 3 2021上海秋考 65、66、 2 2021上海春考 66、 1 2020上海秋考 60、63、66、 3 2020上海春考 66、 1 【思维导图】 【知识梳理】 · 考点一：文章大意类 寻找主题句确定文章大意。主题句的位置一般有以下几种： (1)主题句出现在文首。文章开门见山，给出了主题句，随之用细节对其进行解释、支撑。 (2)主题句出现在文末。文章先表述细节，之后在文末归纳概括出主题。 (3)主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次升华主题。 (4)主题句出现在文章的中间。文章首先提出问题，对问题进行描述，讨论之后在文章的中间部分给出主题句，而后又做进一步的解释。 【典例】（2023松江二模） In spite of all these concerns, most scientists hold that revolutionary technology and people’s awakening can shine a light on solutions in ways that are impossible now. There is undoubtedly a long way to go when we address problems facing mankind, but we can always anticipate something. 28．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Effective CO2 absorbing technologies have come into wide use. B．With greenhouse gas reduced, global warming can be addressed. C．Future climate will improve with human efforts but threats still remain. D．Future climate will restore to a normal state with advanced technology. 【典例】（2023徐汇二模） Casting blame is natural: it is tempting to fault someone else for a mistake rather than taking responsibility yourself. But blame is also harmful. It makes it less likely that people will own up to mistakes, and thus less likely that organizations can learn from them. Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whose managers pointed to external factors to explain their failings underperformed companies that blamed themselves. Blame culture can spread like a virus. Just as children fear mom and dad’s punishment if they admit to wrongdoing, in a blaming environment, employees are afraid of criticism and punishment if they acknowledge making a mistake at work. Blame culture asks, “who dropped the ball?” instead of “where did our systems and processes fail?” The focus is on the individuals, not the processes. It’s much easier to point fingers at a person or department instead of doing the harder, but the more benefici