2024年中考英语专项复习模块二 -句型 3.状语从句

状语从句

1. 定义：在句中充当状语成分的从句。
2. 分类：初中阶段主要学习了9大状语从句，分别是时间状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，比较状语从句，方式状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句，目的状语从句，结果状语从句。

(1)      时间状语从句

时间状语从句用来表示主句动作发生的时间，常用when, while, as, as soon as, before, after, until, till, since等引导。

①　When, while, as引导的时间状语从句 

连接词	意义	特点
when	当......时	从句的谓语动词既可以是持续性动词，也可以是瞬息性动词
while	当.....时	从句的谓语动词只可以是持续性动词，常表示主从句的动作同时发生
as	当.....时，一边.....一边......	强调主从句动作同时进行

Eg: We were having dinner when the rainstorm came.

       I’ll call you when it’s arranged.

       While the children were playing with the toys, their mother was watching TV.

       Bruce became happy as he saw his friends.

②　as soon as引导的时间状语从句

        as soon as意为“一......就......”，引导的时间状语从句一般用现在时表示将来意义

     Eg: I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive in France.

        As soon as he saw us, he ran to shake hands with us.

③　before引导的时间状语从句

        before意为“在......之前”，引导的时间状语的动作发生在主句动作之后

    Eg: Before I go to bed, I always brush my teeth.

       We waited a long time before we got on the plane. 

④　after引导的时间状语从句

        after意为“在......之后”，引导的时间状语的动作发生在主句动作之前

Eg: After the rain stopped, we went down the mountain.

   I felt better after I talked with my parents. 

⑤　until, till引导的时间状语从句

        until和till意为“直到”，很多时候可以互换使用。用于肯定句时，主句谓语动词是持续性动词；用于否定句时，主句谓语动词用瞬息性动词。需要注意的是until可用于句首，till不用于句首。

    Eg: We stayed at the hotel until/till the strong wind died down.

       I didn’t go to bed until/till my son came back home.

       Until you told me, I didn’t know anything of the news.

⑥　since引导的时间状语从句

        since意为“自从......以来”，常与现在完成时连用。

Eg: It has been ten years since we last met each other.

   My grandma has lived here since she was a little girl.

(2)      地点状语从句

表示位置或方向的从句叫地点状语从句，主要由where, wherever等引导，意为“在......地方，在任何......地方”

Eg: Wherever you go, I will be here waiting for you.

   Where there is a will, there is a way.

(3)      原因状语从句

在句中作原因状语的从句叫作原因状语从句，常由because, since, as等引导

①　because意为“因为”，引导原因状语从句时，语气最强，表示直接原因

Eg: He gave up his job because he couldn’t stand his boss.

②　since引导原因状语从句时意为“既然，由于”，语气比because弱

Eg: Since everyone is here, let’s discuss about our working plan.

③　as引导原因状语从句时意为“因为，既然，由于”，语气不如because、as强

Eg: As she was shy, she had few friends.

(4)      比较状语从句

在句中作比较状语的句子叫作比较状语从句。主要由as，than等引导。

Eg: Her foreign friend speaks Chinese as fluently as she does.

   Tom is not so/as outgoing as Peter (is).

   He can earn more money than you can.

(5)      方式状语从句

描述主句中动作或状态发生的方式或方法的从句叫作方式状语从句，主要由as, as if, as though引导。

①　as引导方式状语从句时，意为“按照、正如、像、如同”

Eg: You must do as I require.

   Everything happened as the detective expected.

   Friction is not always a bad thing as you might think.

   Water is to fish as air is to man.

②　as if, as though引导的方式状语从句时，意为“似乎，好像”，

         as if, as though引导的方式状语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示所说的情况不是现实。

    Eg: He spoke as if he were the owner of this house.

         但是当说表示的情况是事实或者实现的可能性较大时，从句用陈述语气

Eg: The sky is dark as if it’s going to rain.