虚拟语气讲义-2024届高考英语一轮复习

虚拟语气 一、if的虚拟条件句（表格） 主句动词 从句动词 例句 与现在事实相反 主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形 过去式 be动词都用were If I were you， I would give up. 与将来事实相反 主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形 过去式 should + 动词原形 were to + 动词原形 If it were to rain tomorrow， I would stay at home. 与过去事实相反 主语+should/would/could/might+have +过去分词 （现在完成时） had + 过去分词 （过去完成时） If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped them. 注意事项 1. if的省略和倒装：可将if省略，将从句中的were/had/should 提到主语前（部分倒装） Were she here ( if she were here), she would give us help. 2. 含有责备语气的虚拟结构 （谓语部分） needn't have done （没必要做但做了...） should / ought to have done（过去应该做但未做到.....） might have done （应该做但没做.....） could have done （能够做但没做....） 3. 错综时间状语从句（主句和从句不同情况的虚拟——过去现在将来） 主句和从句分开判断，其动词形式要根据时间而定 例子：If he had taken the medicine，he would be all right now. 从句：过去虚拟，主句：现在虚拟。 2、 虚拟语气在其他从句中的用法 用法 从句动词形式 例子 状语从句 1. as if / as though引导的方式状从 2. 陈述语气时表可能性较大 3. 虚拟语气时表示可能性不大 1. 过去式(现在虚拟) 2. 过去完成式（过去虚拟） （注意：是从句虚拟，主句不一定虚拟，可虚拟可不虚拟，看句子语境） People treat me as if I were a thief. They are talking as if they had been old friends. in order that / so that 引导的目的状从 can / could/ may / might / + 动词原形 Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly 宾语从句 demand/ insist/ suggest/command/ order等词后的宾从 should + 动词原形 注意：should可省 would不能用 We suggest that he（should）give less money to his child. 注意：should省略后，he后用原形没有错（语法填空易错点） wish后 1. 现在虚拟：过去式 2. 过去虚拟：过去完成式 3. 将来虚拟：should/ would + 动词原形 （参考if 的虚拟条件句，大部分一致） I wish I were you. 主语从句 在一些特殊句型： 1. it is necessary / natural / important / strange that.... 2. it is suggested / demanded/ ordered/ requested/ that .... 3. it is a pity / no wonder that 后的主语从句中，从句动词形式为 “should + 动词原形” （should可省） It is a pity that he (should) miss the lecture. 注意：should省略后，he后用原形没有错（语法填空易错点） 表语从句 / 同位语从句 在以下的名词：demand / insist / suggestion / command / order / advice / request / plan / proposal 后的表语从句和同位语从句，从句动词形式为 “should + 动词原形” （should可省） My suggestion is that she （should ） visit the factory. 注意：should省略后，she后用原形没有错