内容正文:
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
复习名词性从句
[对应学生用书P47]
[观察]
1.The first time that she had to write an essay,her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas,but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought!
2.At first,Xie Lei had no idea what she should say,but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.
3.What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to her.
[探究]
1.以上句子中的黑体部分都是从句,这些从句在词性上相当于一个名词,被称作名词性从句。
2.句1中第一个that引导宾语从句;句2中第一个what引导同位语从句,第二个what引导主语从句,that引导表语从句;句3中What引导主语从句。
1.名词性从句在句中常作哪些成分?
主语、宾语、表语、同位语。
2.名词性从句常用哪些词连接?是否在从句中作成分?
①连接代词:what/whatever、who/whoever、whom、whose、which/whichever,在从句中作成分(如:主语或宾语)。②连接副词: when/whenever、where/wherever、how/however、why。在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语、方式状语和原因状语。③从属连词: that、whether、if、as if、as though、because。在从句中不充当任何成分。
一、名词性从句概述
(一)定义
名词或名词短语可以在句中充当主语、表语、宾语、同位语。当这些名词或名词短语由一个句子替代时,就是名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。根据在句中不同的语法功能,可以把名词性从句分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句要用陈述语序。
(二)引导词
名词性从句的引导词
词义
所充当的成分
是否可以省略
从属连词
that
——
——
引导宾语从句时可省略
if/whether
是否
——
不可省略
连接代词
which(ever)
(无论)哪个
主语、宾语、定语
what(ever)
(无论)什么
主语、宾语、表语
who(ever)
(无论)谁
whom(ever)
(无论)谁
宾语
whose
谁的
定语
连接副词
when(ever)
(无论)什么时候
状语
where(ever)
(无论)在哪里
why
为什么
how(ever)
(无论)怎样
二、名词性从句的种类
(一)主语从句
[感知]
1.What he wants to tell us is not clear.
他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
2.Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.
他能否按时来参加聚会取决于交通状况。
3.It is a pity that we can't go.
很遗憾我们不能去。
4.It is certain that we'll witness her excellent performance in the exam.
我们一定可以见证她在考试中的优异表现。
5.It is said that two men were killed in the accident.
据说在这起事故中有两人死亡。
6.It seems odd to me that he didn't say anything.
他什么也没说,我觉得很奇怪。
[探究]
1.句1、2中What和Whether引导的名词性从句在句中作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
2.句3、4、5和6中,It作形式主语;that引导的从句是真正的主语。
[归纳]
1.主语从句在复合句中作主语。主语从句可以直接放在句首,也可用it作形式主语,而将从句放在句末。that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语。
2.用it作形式主语的常用句型
(1)It+be