第11讲 阅读理解-《知识提炼 能力训练》2023年新高一英语暑假衔接作业课程

第十一讲 阅读理解 1、 知识梳理 1.事实细节题 细节题的干扰项特点： (1) 文不对题，这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题； (2) 偷换概念，把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，而所述细节与原文一致； (3) 无中生有，即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及； (4) 正误并存，信息部分正确，部分错误。 (5) 把未然当已然，改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。 (6) 将原文内容扩大或缩小，把原文的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误的。 细节理解题解题指导： (1) 直接细节题，利用词汇复现解题 Choosing to forget something might take more mental effort than trying to remember it, researchers at The University of Texas at Austin discovered through neuroimaging (神经成像). These findings, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, suggest that in order to forget an unwanted experience, more attention should be focused on it. This surprising result continues previous research on intentional forgetting, which focused on reducing attention to the unwanted information through redirecting attention away from unwanted experiences or holding back the memory's retrievals (恢复). Previous studies on intentional forgetting researched _______. A. the pattern of brain activity B. B. the process of recovering a memory C. the way to reduce attention to unwanted information D. the amount of attention required by intentional forgetting 【答案】C 【解析】根据题干关键信息“Previous studies on intentional forgetting”，定位到第二段，对比选项可知C选项的“reduce attention to unwanted information”是原文“reducing attention to the unwanted information”的复现，且与原文表述内容一致，都表示已有的关于故意遗忘的研究的重点是减少对不想要的信息的注意的方法，故选C。 (2) 间接细节题，利用语义替换解题 Scientists knew that Quino caterpillars (毛虫) relied on the dwarf plantain as a food source. Each spring, the adult female butterflies laid eggs on dwarf plantains. When the caterpillars hatched, they fed on the plantain leaves. However, in the hot, dry summer, the plantains died off. The caterpillars responded by entering a state called diapause. Then, when normal winter rains came and the plantains' flowers came out again, the caterpillars came back to life and started eating. Once they'd grown large enough, the caterpillars formed pupae (蛹) a