第12讲 谓语动词的被动语态（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（全国通用）

第12讲 谓语动词的被动语态（核心考点精讲精练） 1. 三年真题谓语动词的被动语态考点细目表 时间 卷次 语法填空/短文改错/单项选择 2023年 新高考I卷 语法填空: / 新高考II卷 语法填空: / 全国甲卷 语法填空: be employed 短文改错： / 全国乙卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： / 北京卷 语法填空: / 浙江卷 语法填空: were permitted 天津卷 单项选择: 2022年 新高考I卷 语法填空: is designed 新高考II卷 语法填空: / 全国甲卷 语法填空: / 短文改错： / 全国乙卷 语法填空: / 短文改错：去掉have后的been。 北京卷 语法填空: / 浙江卷 语法填空: is viewed或has been viewed 天津卷 单项选择: were distributed 2021年 新高考I卷 语法填空: / 新高考II卷 语法填空: / 全国甲卷 语法填空: was built 短文改错：/ 全国乙卷 语法填空:/ 短文改错：/ 北京卷 语法填空: / 浙江卷 语法填空: was painted； is considered 天津卷 单项选择: are being displayed； had been offered 2. 命题规律及备考策略 【命题规律】 近3年对于谓语动词被动语态的考查点： 1. 一般现在时的被动语态； 2. 一般过去时的被动语态； 3. 现在进行时的被动语态； 4. 现在完成时的被动语态。 【备考策略】 1. 掌握被动语态的基本时态变化； 2. 掌握被动语态的特殊结构形式； 3. 掌握不能用被动语态的几种情况； 4. 掌握主动形式表示被动意义的情况。 【命题预测】 预计2024年高考谓语动词语态仍将是考查的重点和难点，考查形式仍以语法填空和短文改错题型为主，很可能会与动词的时态及其他的语法点结合起来进行考查。 考点一 被动语态的基本时态变化 一、被动语态基本形式和意义 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。各种时态的被动语态形式为（以do为例）： 时 体时 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 is / am / are done was / were done will / shall be done would / should be done 进行 is / am / are being done was / were being done 完成 have / has been done had been done will / shall have been done would / should have been done 被动语态的特殊结构形式 (1)含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词 Something must be done to stop the water from being polluted. 必须采取措施来制止水受到污染。 (2) “get＋过去分词”式被动语态 在口语和非正式的语体中，常用“get＋过去分词”表示被动语态，其中get相当于be动词，起助动词的作用。这种形式一般用来谈论突然发生的事，通常只表示动作，不表示状态。 Some glasses got broken when we were moving. 我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了。 几种主动变被动的规则 （1）有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. （间接宾语为主语） A present was given to him by his mother for his birthday. （直接宾语为主语，需加介词to） （2）当＂动词+宾语+宾语补足语＂结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught