内容正文:
中考英语动词知识点专题讲解
类别
特点
意义
举例
实义动词 (vt. vi.)
及物动词跟宾语
须跟宾语一起才能表达完整的意思
Tom and Lily share one room in their house..
不及物动词不能直接接宾语
能独立作谓语
She always comes late on rainy days.
系动词(link-v)
跟表语
不能独立做谓语,跟表语构成完整意思
I often feel nervous before getting on the plane.
助动词(aux. v.)
跟动词原形或分词(无词汇意义)
不能独立做谓语,跟主要动词构成谓语,表示疑问,否定及各种时态
He doesn’t speak Chinese.
She has been to America twice.
情态动词 (mod. v.)
跟动词原形(有自己的词汇意思)
不能独立做谓语。表示说话人语气、情态,无人称和数的变化
We can do it by ourselves.
That would be better.
知识点二:
实义动词的定义和分类
1. 定义: 表示动作、行为或状态的词是实义动词,在句中可单独作谓语。
eg. My son and his cousin usually go to school on foot.
我儿子和他表弟通常步行去上学。
He has worked for more than thirty years.
他工作三十多年了。
分类:实义动词有及物和不及物之分,及物动词后必须接宾语。
eg. It was getting dark when they arrived.
他们到时天都快黑了。
不及物动词后不需要接宾语,可以接介词或副词,构成短语动词,相当于及物动词。
构成方式
举例
动词+介词
Look at, look after
动词+副词
Give up, sit down
动词+副词+介词
Catch up with, look down upon
动词+名词+介词
Take care of, pay attention to
Be+形容词+介词
Be proud of, be afraid of
复杂结构
Make up one’s mind, wind one’s way
2.实义动词的基本形式
(1) 英语实义动词有5种基本形式:动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式、过去分词。
eg. I go to school on food and he goes to school by bike.我步行上学,他骑自行车上学。
He’s cooking.他在做饭。
They went there last year and fell in love with it.他们去年去了那里,并且喜欢上了那里。
This story was written by a famous writer.这个故事是一位著名作家写的。
英语实义动词变化规则 :
(2) A. 动词第三人称单数变化规则如下:
变化规则
举例
一般在动词末尾加-s
read-reads
come-comes
listen-listens
speak-speaks
以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的单词加-es
guess-guesses
do-does
push-pushes
teach-teaches
以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词,把y变i加-es
study-studies
carry-carries
fly-flies
try-tries
注意:动词第三人称单数的形式用在主语为第三人称单数的肯定句中,在否定句、疑问句中加助动词does,动词改为原形。
肯定句:He plays computer games once a week.他每周玩一次电脑游戏。
否定句:He does not play computer games once a week.
疑问句:Does he play computer games once a week?她每周玩一次电脑游戏吗?
B.动词现在分词构成变化规则如下:
变化规则
举例
一般在动词末尾加-ing
go-going