2023年中考英语语法复习之宾语从句

第14章 宾语从句 Part1 中考考点分析 一、宾语从句的概念 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。（即一个句子在另一个句子里做宾语） 二、句型结构： 主句（主+谓）+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分） 常用来引导宾语从句的动词有： say, tell, ask, think, know, believe, expect, understand, wonder He says that he feels tired. He thinks that he has got a cold. He knew that he needed a haircut. He believed that he could repair the car. He understood that he that he wanted a licence. 常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有： sorry, glad, sure afraid, certain, pleased, happy, satisfied, surprised 1. I am sorry I am late. 2. I am glad that you can join us. 3. I am sure I will pass the exam. 4. I’m afraid that this green dress is too small. 三、宾语从句三要素 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句要注意三个方面：连接词、语序和时态。 1、连接词 (1)引导宾语从句的连接词that，if和whether。that不充当句子成分，常常可以省略;if和whether 意为“是否”，在从句中也不充当句子成分，但不能省略。 eg:Li Xia said (that)she would visit the Great Wall. The man asked me whether the bus had left. (2)引导宾语从句的疑问代词what，who，whose，whom和which。连接代词在从句中充当句子成分，不能省略。 eg:I told her what I was doing at eight last night. (3)引导宾语从句的疑问副词when，where，why和how。连接副词在从句中作状语，不能省略。 eg:Do you know when Mr Black will come back? 2.语序和时态 宾语从句必须是陈述句语序;宾语从句中的时态一般与主句中的时态保持一致，如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象时，不管主句的谓语动词是什么时态，宾语从句的谓语动词一律使用一般现在时。 eg:My teacher tell us that we will have an English exam tomorrow. My teacher told us that we would have an English exam tomorrow. Our physics teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound. 四、宾语从句的考查 1.考查宾语从句的语序：宾语从句的语序用陈述句语序。即“主语+谓语+......” Do you know when______? A.does the next train leave B.the next train leaves C.will the next train leave The key: B 注：若从句是疑问句，但语序不变的有（疑问词就是从句的主语）： (1)who在从句中作主语。Can you tell me______________________________?(谁将来这儿) (2)what's wrong/the matter with sb?He asked what was the matter with me. (3)what happenedI don't know what happened yesterday. (4)which is the way to...?Can you tell me which is the way to the park? 2.考查宾语从句的引导词 (1)若宾语从句是陈述句时，引导词用that且that可省掉。 She said"I'm glad to see you."=She said she was glad to see me. (2)宾语从句是一般疑问句时，引导词用if或whether.一般情况下if/whether可互换，但后有or not/or、动词不