Unit 3 Getting along with others 定语从句精讲讲义-2023-2024学年高中英语牛津译林版(2020)必修第一册

定语从句精讲 一、基本概念 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词和关系副词。 二、关系代词和关系副词 定语从句的引导词分为关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that)和关系副词(when, where, why)，用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分：关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语，关系副词可作状语。 1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。关系代词that, who, which可在定语从句中作主语。 I don’t like the people who/that talk much but do little. The cars which/that are produced here sell very well. 2. 作宾语：关系代词that, who, whom, which可在定语从句中作宾语。 The man that/who/whom you want to see has arrived. The book that/which my grandmother gave me is of great value. 3. 作定语：关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语 What’s the hobby of the child whose father is a famous actor? The magazine whose cover is colourful belongs to me. 4. 作状语：关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语；where在定语从句中作地点状语； why在定语从句中作原因状语 I’ll never forget the day when I first came here. This is the town where I was born. This is the reason why he was late for school this morning. 三、注意点： 1. 当引导词所指代的先行词在定语从句中作宾语时，引导词可以省略。 He is the actor (who/whom/that) the fans have waited for since two hours ago. 2. when/where可以转换成“介词+ which” I’ll never forget the day when I first came here. =I’ll never forget the day on which I first came here.(on which=on the day) This is the town where I was born. =This is the town in which I was born.(in which=in the town) 3. 只能用that,不用which的情况： (1)当先行词是下列不定代词或被它们修饰时： all, much, little, few, none, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等 All that he said is true. All the people that were invited are pop stars. Can you give me examples that may support your idea? Is there anything that I can do for you? There are no people that never make mistakes. (2)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时 He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. The man is the very person that I saw yesterday. (3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时 He was the second (person) that told me the secret. (4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best book that I have read this year. (5)先行词既包括人又包括物时 He talked