2024年中考英语专项复习模块一词汇：6.介词 讲义

介词 介词的分类（根据词义分类） 1. 表示地点、方位的介词: above, below, behind, between, near, next to, under ... 2. 表示方式的介词: by, in, with, through, like ... 3. 表示时间的介词: about, at, after, before, during, past, to, until, til, since, in... 4. 表示除外的介词: apart from, but, besides, except, except for... 5. 表示其他词义的介词：because of, for, as result of, in place of, as for, despite... 介词短语 1. 介词的宾语：介词不能独立作句子成分，它必须跟有介词的宾语。介词与其宾语构成介词短语。 Eg: They will leave at eight. Because of the storm, we had to stay at the hotel. They had nothing to do but to give up the plan. He gave a lesson on how to improve English. 2. 介词短语的句法作用 介词短语可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、状语、补足语和同位语。 Eg: From my home to my company is only ten minutes’ walk. （作主语） We plan to spend between two and three months this year having a trip.（作宾语） Don’t stand under a tree during a rainstorm.（作状语） He worked as an engineer.（作补足语） As a student, you should study hard.（作同位语） Is this skirt on sale? （作表语） 介词的用法 1. 表示地点、方位的介词 (1) across和through across指从物体的表面穿过，越过；through指从物体的中间穿透，穿越 Eg: A rabbit ran through the forest. A rabbit ran across the grassland. (2) at和in ( over（正上方） )at后接小地点（如：学校、图书馆、小村庄等） in后接大地点（如: 城市， 国家等） ( above（斜上方） )Eg: He usually arrives at school first. We arrived in France last night. (3) ( on（有接触面） )above，on，under，below，over Eg: We are flying above the clouds. There is an eraser on the desk. ( under（正下方） ) ( below（斜下方） ) A cat is under the bed. The sun sank below the horizon. There is a bridge over the river. (4) between和among between指两者之间，among指三者或三者以上之中。 Eg: The police office is between the bank and the hospital. Sarah is the best singer among these girls. (5) in front of和in the front of In front of 指外部的前面，in the front of 指内部的前面 Eg: A tree is in front of our classroom. The teacher’s desk is in the front of the classroom. 2. 表示方式的介词 by, with, in, on (1) 表示方式时，by意为“通过，乘坐，使用”，表示使用某种方法或手段做某事，其后的名词常常不用冠词 Eg: I stay healthy by developing good living habits. She went to school by bus. Th