内容正文:
八年级下Unit 10 I've had this bike for three years.
语法重点:延续性动词和非延续性动词
延续性动词
又名持续性动词,它表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以长时间延续下去或产生持久的影响。英语中的延续性动词比较多,如work, stand, lie, know 等。
1.He worked all day in the laboratory. 他在实验室干了一天。
2.I waited for you for more than half an hour. 我等你等了半个多小时了。
在现在完成时中与以下时间状语连用:
For+ 时间:for 2 years;
since 从句, since he came here;
since+时间点名词:since last year, since 5 days ago;
how long 提问的问句。
终止性动词
也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或点动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, arrive 等。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用,如:two years ago; at 5 o'clock;
He died 5 years ago.
否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。
I haven't left here for 3 years.
I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.
· 为什么要学它们的区别?
回答这个问题之前,我们一起来看一个句子,请判断是否正确:
He has died for three years.
解析:这个句子是错误的,die的使用不正确,为什么不正确呢?如果不了解延续性动词和非延续性动词的区别,尤其在现在完成时中,会经常出现动词的使用错误且不自知。
· 用法
由于错误经常出现在现在完成时的语境里,我们需要了解一下这个背景。
现在完成时,最常见的用法之一是表示动作持续一段时间。如I have worked in the company for 6 years.我已经在这个公司工作了6年。
此处work的动作延续6年,需要注意,当表示动作持续一段时间时,只能用延续性动词;回到上个例子,He has died for three years.
die v.死亡,是非延续性动词,后面不能加一段时间,因为死亡的动作是无法持续的。
总结:现在完成时,表示动作持续一段时间,时间状语为for+一段时间或since+时间点,动词需要使用延续性动词;
· 常见的非延续性动词:become,open,leave,close,finish(结束),get up (起床),die,return(返回),go,borrow(借),fall asleep (入睡),put on(穿),buy(买),come back (返回),go (get) out (出去) arrive/reach(到达),begin/start(开始),join(加入)
凡是have/has+非延续性动词分词+for/since的,都不对哦。
I have bought the car for 3 months. X
He has left here for 8 years. X
I have joined the Party for 20 years. X
I have come to this school since 2020. X
The film has started since 10 minutes ago. ×
非延续性动词 一 延续性动词
He has died for three years. X
He has been dead for three years. ü
die是非延续性,如果要表达已经去世3年,可以把die换为be dead;
同样,其他的非延续性也有可以替换的表达。替换后就可以表示动作持续:
1.be动词来帮忙
become – be open-be open leave - be away
close - be closed die - be dead finish -be over
get up-be up return- be back go there - be there
fall asleep - be asleep come back - be back go (get) out -be o