2024年中考英语专项复习模块一词汇：5.代词
代词
人称代词
人称代词主要是指代人和物的代词。有人称、数和格的变化。
人称 | 单数 | 复数 | ||
主格 | 宾格 | 主格 | 宾格 | |
第一人称 | I | me | we | us |
第二人称 | you | you | you | you |
第三人称 | he | him | they | them |
she | her | |||
it | it | |||
- 人称代词的句法作用
(1) 人称代词作主语
Eg: We will go shopping this weekend.
She is my best friend.
(2) 人称代词作宾语
Eg: It took him five days to finish the task.
They don’t believe me.
(3) 人称代词作介词的宾语
Eg: When I’m in trouble, I always talk with her.
The actor is so handsome that everyone looks at him.
(4) 人称代词作表语
Eg: ---Who is knocking the door?
---It’s me.
- 人称代词的用法
(1) 人称代词we, you, they除了指一定的人以外，有时还用来泛指人们，指言者、听者或第三方
Eg: We are not born for ourselves.
You can’t trust a man who always breaks his promise.
If they say you’re good, ask yourself if it be true.
(2) 两个或多个代词作主语时，为表示礼貌，I应放在最后
Eg: You and I are required to work together.
(3) 人称代词it的用法
① 代替动植物或无生命的事物
Eg: I’ve had this bike for 3 years. My father bought it for me.
Fish lives under water. It swims with its tail.
② 代替婴儿
Eg: The baby fell down on the ground. It must be hurt.
③ 代替前面提到的事物
Eg:---Thanks for your help.
---Don’t mention it.
④ 代替this或that
Eg: ---What’s this?
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
---It’s a ruler.
物主代词
物主代词表示所属关系，包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，有人称和数的变化，单数第三人称有性的区别。
| 单数 | 复数 | ||||
第一人称 | 第二人称 | 第三人称 | 第一人称 | 第二人称 | 第三人称 | |
形容词性物主代词 | my | your | his her its | our | your | their |
名词性物主代词 | mine | yours | his hers its | ours | yours | theirs |
- 物主代词的句法作用
(1) 形容词性物主代词：相当于于形容词，置于名词前，作定语。
Eg: My favorite food is ice-cream.
Lisa lost her wallet last week.
(2) 名词性物主代词：相当于名词，不能与名词连用，作主语、宾语、表语或与of连用构成双重所有格。
Eg: Our books are on the first floor and theirs are on the second floor. （作主语）
I will do my job and you do yours. （作宾语）
What’s yours is mine, and what’s mine is my own. （作表语）
It’s a picture of hers. （与of连用构成双重所有格）
反身代词
表示谓语动词所表示的动作返回到动作发出者本身。有人称和数的变化，单数以-self结尾，复数以-selves结尾，单数第三人称有性的区别。
| 单数 | 复数 |
第一人称 | myself | ourselves |
第二人称 | yourself | yourselves |
第三人称 | himself | themselves |
herself | ||
itself |
- 反身代词的句法作用
(1) 作宾语
Eg: I hope you will enjoy yourselves at the party.
He finished the task by himself.
(2) 作表语
Eg: I’m not quite myself these days.
(3) 作同位语
Eg: You yourself told me the truth.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
指示代词
指示代词 | |
单数 | 复数 |
this | these |
that | those |
- 指示代词的句法作用
指示代词可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
Eg: This is an effective way to develop good eating habits. （作主语）
I didn’t mean that. （作宾语）
All I want to say is this. （作表语）
Take those boxes to your room. （作定语）
- 指示代词的用法
(1) this, these用于指代时间或空间上较近的事物; that, those用于指代时间或空间上较远的事物
Eg: These are my cousins and those are my grandparents.
(2) that, those用来指代前面所提到的名词或所说的情况，以免重复
Eg: The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangdong.
(3) 打电话时，想对方介绍自己要用“This is...”。询问对方是哪位时，可用“Who is that?”,“Is that...?”
Eg: ---This is Dan. Who is that?
---This is Jimmy.
不定代词
不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数的区别。
常见不定代词用法：
(1) some和any
① some常用于肯定句以及表示请求、建议或期望得到肯定回答的疑问句中
Eg: Some students are playing football at school.
Would you like some juice?
② any常用于否定句和疑问句中，当any表示“任何”含义时，也可用于肯定句中
Eg: I can’t give you any advice.
You can borrow any of these books.
(2) many和much
many用于修饰可数名词，much用于修饰不可数名词
Eg: We have many apples, but we don’t have much milk in the fridge.
(3) all、each，every
① all意为“全部，所有”，指三者或三者以上的人或物，可修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词。
Eg: All students should take part in the game.
② each意为“每个”，强调个体，可用于两者之间，也可用于三者或三者以上的情况，代替或修饰可数名词单数
Eg: Each of us misses Mr. Black very much.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司