Unit 2 语法知识 2022-2023学年人教版八年级英语下册

八年级下Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks 动词不定式(不被限定，不被限制) 有定式吗？可以理解为主语直接发出的动作，也就是谓语动词，谓语动词是一个被限定的状态，确定了句子的时态、语态、单复数，所以可以理解为定式，而不定式，就是不被限制的，所以不能做句子的谓语，语法上也叫非谓语动词。非谓语动词也在句子种表示动作，但是不做谓语。 I like running. 非谓语动词 I want to sleep. 非谓语动词 非谓语动词的分类：动名词、分词、不定式 可以充当什么成分？除谓语和系动词以外的都可以。 · 做主语：(谓语动词用单数) To learn English well is very important for us. Ps：当主语较长时，通常用it作形式主语，而将真的主语“后置“ It is very important for us to learn English well. · 做宾语 I want to sleep. · 做表语：（用在be/seem之后，说明主语的性质，内容） My job is to teach English. · 做宾语补足语 I want you to do homework. · 做定语（后置定语） I have a lot of homework to do. 前置定语 后置定语 · 做状语 Tom works hard to get more money. 目的状语 · 特殊疑问词+to do（相当于名词） How to solve this problem is very important. 主语（相当于名词） 一感：feel 二听：hear，listen to 不带to的不定式 三让：let，make，have 四看：see，watch，notice，look at 半帮助：help 练习： Do you have enough money (buy) a ticket. Excuse me. I’m lost. Can you tell me (how get) the post office. Our teacher asked us (not play) soccer on the street. I think the best way （learn）English is watching English movie. clean up打扫干净 n.志愿者 volunteer v志愿做，义务做 volunteer to do sth help sb (to) do sth=help (sb) with sth Can you help me (to) learn English? =Can you help me with my English? could可以，委婉提建议 cheer up使高兴、振作起来 They need a holiday to cheer up. give out 分发=hand out 散发 They gave out those books to everyone here. come up with想出，提出（plan，idea）=think up If you come up with any good idea, just come to see you. put off + doing sth 推迟做某事 He decided to put off going home. put up张贴，搭建 He put up a poster on the wall. n.通知 make some notices（可数） v.注意到 notice sb do sth （做，强调过程） notice I notice him enter the room. notice sb doing sth（正在做） I noticed his hands shaking. lonely adj.孤独的，寂寞的（表语/定语，带有感情色彩） lonely & alone alone adj; adv 独自地（表语，客观的事实） He lives alone, but he doesn’t