2023暑期人教版英语八升九年级讲义06-主谓一致 疑问句 to do 精讲题练（2课时）

Unit 9  主谓一致

【定义】

主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。

主谓一致必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致、就近一致原则。

 

一、语法一致原则

使用情况	例句
“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式	The girl is fond of singing. To protect the environment is our duty. Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes.
表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式	The students are having their math class. They have been to Qingdao twice.
and连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词)，则谓语动词要用单数形式	The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming.
both…and…连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式	Both Peter and Mike come from England.
有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses, shorts, trousers, jeans, shoes, clothes, gloves等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式	Jack’s glasses are broken. Linda’s shoes are black and blue.
“a number of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式	A number of trees have been planted. The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120.

不定代词another, each one, either, neither, the other, somebody, someone, something, nobody, everybody, everyone, everything, nothing, anybody, anything, anyone, no one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式	Is everyone here? Something is wrong with my computer. I called last night,but nobody was in.
主语后面跟with, along with, like, except, besides, as well as, together with, including, no less than, rather than, as much as等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致	Mei Mei,with her parents,often goes to the park on Sunday. A teacher,together with some students,is standing at the gate.
主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort/ type/ form/ pair/ cup/ glass/ piece/ load/ block/ box/ handful/ quantity/ ton/ metre/…)of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式	This kind of car is made in China. Large quantities of water are needed.
“分数或百分数 + 名词”作主语或“a lot of／lots of, plenty of, most of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式	Two thirds of the work has been finished. Most of the books are written in English.

【特例清单】

1.what从句作主语时 ，如果表示的是单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式

What we need is time. 我们需要的是时间。

What she needs are good books. 她需要的是一些好书。

2.and连接并列主语，若前面有each,every,many a,no等词修饰时，谓语动词通常用单数形式

Each boy and each girl has got a present. 每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物。

二、意义一致原则

使用情况	例句
使用情况例句有些集体名词如crowd,family, team, group, government, class, staff, public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定：若它们表示一个集体单位，则动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，则谓语用复数形式	His family isn’t large.His family are fond of watching sports programs.
有些集合名词如people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news, means, works, physics, politics, maths等，形式上是复数，而意义上却表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式	The police are searching for the murder. Physics is really difficult for me. The works is due to be demolished next year.（工厂单复数同形）

“the + 某些形容词”可以表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式	The young are energetic.
某些代词或短语如half(of),plenty(of),the rest(of),(a)part(of)等作主语时，谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数	Half of the work has been finished. Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time.
表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，通常视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式	Two pounds isn’t so heavy. Two months is a long holiday. Ten yuan is enough. Ten minus five is five.

【特例清单】

1.某些以s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，谓语动词用单数形式；如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。

The United States is a developed country. 美国是一个发达的国家。

2.none如果指量，动词用单数；若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；none如果代指不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数。

None of the money belongs to me. 没有一分钱是属于我的。

None of the students has/have been to Egypt in our class. 我们班没有一个学生去过埃及。

3.“all/most/half/the rest of+名词”作主语，谓语动词与of后面的名词的数保持一致

Most of her money is spent on clothes. 她的大部分钱被花在衣服上了。

Half of the students watch TV twice a week. 一半的学生一周看两次电视。

三、就近原则

使用情况	例句
由or, either…or…, nor, neither…nor…, whether…or…, not…but…,not only…but also…等连词连接并列主语时，谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致	Neither you nor he is wrong.
Here/there be句型中句子的主语在be之后，系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致	Here are some books and paper for you. There is an orange and two apples on the plate.

【辨析】

80．很快，一封信将会被你寄到你的屋子。

A letter _________________ ________________ _______________ ________________ your house soon.

 

 

【重点短语背诵U3T3】     

1.places of interest/interesting places名胜古迹

2.sometimes/at times/once in a while有时候                                            3.be in trouble/get into trouble陷入困境

4.make sb. into trouble 使某人陷入困境

5.not really 不完全是

6. have long conversations with sb.与某人进行长的对话

7.oral/spoken English 英语口语               8.feel sleepy 昏昏欲睡                 

9.be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事                 

10.the final exam 期末考试

11.It seems that    /seem to do sth.    /seem+adj.似乎……                            

12.feel like doing sth. 想要做某事           

13.make oneself understood 使某人自己被理解             

14.make/get/have sth. done 使某事被做               

15. dare 敢于

①情态动词,没有人称、数和时态的变化。

肯定：dare+ V.    否定：dare not + V.

②实意动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。

肯定：dare to do sth.

否定：助动词+not + dare to do sth    .

16.discourage sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事                

17.take part in the English corner参加英语角                    

18.take sth. with sb.某人随身携带某物

19.keep a diary in English 用英语写日记

20.give sb. some advice/suggestions on sth.给某人一些关于……的建议

21.advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事           

22.be weak in 在某方面薄弱

23.turn to sb./ask sb. for help向某人寻求帮助24.stick … on … 把……粘在……上

25.stick to doing sth./insist on doing sth.坚持做某事                     26.reading /writing ability 阅读/写作能力

27.get the main idea of the article获取文章大意

28.think about 思考，考虑                        

29.take a deep breath 深呼吸

30.take notes in class 课上做笔记               

31.prefer doing sth. to doing sth.比起做…更喜欢做……         

32.It’s an/my honor to do sth.荣幸做某事

33.agree with sb.同意某人  

agree to do sth 同意做某事  

agree on sth. 同意计划/协议等                             

34. the best way to do sth. 做某事最好的方式

35.as long as 只要/长达/和……一样长 

36.achieve better results with less effort.事半功倍

37.preview the day’s lesson before class课前预习当天的课

38.review them after class课后复习它们

39.join an English club加入英语俱乐部

40.if necessary 如果有必要的话

2．The _____________________ will enable us to learn more about brains. (develop)

3．We suppose that neither Lucy nor her twin sister ______________ (see) the Hollywood film Cinderella so far．

4.  The area has seen a ______________ (rapidly) population growth.

5．— Judy is too nervous to express herself．

— Don't worry! Look! Miss Zhang is saying a few words ___________________ (encourage) her．

6．Her mother has been___________(die)for ten years.

7.  Look! The snow _______________ (stop). Let’s go outside to throw snowballs.

 

 【附录】

【重点短语背诵U4T1】

1.be (not) allowed to do sth. (不)被允许做某事2.allowed sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

3.sb. spend some time/money on sth./(in) doing sth.某人话费时间/钱在某事上/做某事

4.show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb.为某人展示某物

5.be made of 由……制成(能看出原材料) 

be made from 由……制成(不能看出原材料)

be made by sb. 被某人制造

be made in sp. 在某地被制造

be made into sth. 被制成什么

1. be used for… 被用来……(强调用途或作用) 

be used to do… 被用来……(强调目的) 

be used as… 被用作…… 

be used by sb. 被某人使用       

7.It’s said that 据说   

8.come about 发生

9.achieve/realize one’s dream 实现某人梦想                                     10.during/in one’s life 在某人的一生中

11.a new way of doing sth. 一种做某事新方式

12.the result of ……的结果

13.laugh at sb.嘲笑某人                         

14.do more research 做更多调查

15.find out 找出，查明             

16.work well 效果很好  

17.as long as 只要

18.at any time 在任何时间           

19.in any place 在任何地方      

 

【重点短语背诵U4T2】           

12.know little about 几乎不了解    

13.by chance 偶然                                14.be named after 以……命名                                                                        

15.go/travel/circle around 围绕……旋转        

16. at a distance of… 相距……

17. be covered by/with 被……覆盖  

18.be close to 与……靠近，紧挨着

19.search for sth. 搜寻某物  

search sp. for sth. 搜某地寻某物                                                       

20. in general/generally speaking/generally总的来说       21.go well 进展顺利

22.what’s worse 糟糕的是            

23.the use of ……的用途

24.another +数词+名词复数=数词+more+名词复数another two days = two more days          

25.be worth doing sth. 值得做某事             26.wish sb. luck 祝某人好运

27.there have/has been…有……(there be句型现在完成时结构 )             

28.outer space 外层空间  

 

【重点短语背诵U4T3】