2024年中考英语专项复习模块一词汇：3.形容词

形容词

常见形容词后缀：

1. -able:  comfortable, suitable, enjoyable
2. -al:  natural, local, traditional
3. -ant:  pleasant, important, abundant
4. -ary:  necessary, literary, ordinary
5. -ed:  excited, warm-hearted, bored, interested
6. -ent:  independent, different
7. -ful:    hopeful, careful, wonderful, colorful
8. -ible:  terrible, horrible, possible
9. -ing:  exciting, boring, interesting
10. -ish:  foolish, selfish, childish
11. -ive:  creative, active
12. -ious:  delicious, serious, curious
13. -ical:  typical, musical, physical
14. -less:   hopeless, careless, helpless
15. -ly:  friendly, lovely
16. -ous:   famous, fabulous
17. -some:  handsome, awesome, troublesome
18. -y:    dirty, angry, hungry, rainy

 

形容词的位置

1. 一般置于被修饰词前

Eg: I have a smart pet.

   Students are so busy and they have no spare time.

2. 置于被修饰词后的情况

(1)       以a-起首的形容词一般用作表语，但这类词中有些也可作后置定语，如alone, afraid, asleep, alive等。

Eg: He must be the best basketball player alive.

   He is a man afraid of nothing.

(2)       形容词修饰复合不定代词，如something, anything, everyone等，需要置于其后

Eg: I’d like something sweet to eat.

   There is nothing wrong with the watch.

(3)       具有表语作用的形容词联合使用时

Eg: The boy, tired, hungry and thirsty, fell down on the street.

   I have never read such a novel so inspiring and interesting.

(4)       形容词词组（短语）作定语

Eg: The bottle filled with milk is my baby sister’s.

   All these are matters worth of attention.

注意：同一形容词作前置定语和后置定语时，其意义可能不同。

      Eg: Please write down your present address. 请写下你现在的住址。

         The people present are his good friends. 在场的人是他的好朋友。

 

形容词的比较等级

1．原级比较：用于两者程度相同的比较

①　在肯定句中用“as+原级形容词+as”的结构，表示前后两者的情况一样

Eg: Tom is as tall as Peter.

②　在否定句中用“not so/as+原级形容词+as”的结构，表示前者不如后者

Eg: She is not as/so busy as her sister.

③　如果第一个so/as后的形容词作定语修饰名词，应将该名词放在第一个so/as后

    Eg: We have planted as many trees as we did last year.

2．比较级和最高级的构成

①　规则变化

构成	原级	比较级	最高级
一般在词尾加-er, -est	smart	smarter	smartest
以e结尾只加-r, -st	nice	nicer	nicest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，将y变为i再加-er, -est	happy	happier	happiest
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写这一辅音字母后，再加-er, -est	thin	thinner	thinnest
部分双音节词和多音节词在词前加more, most	important	more important	most important
分词形容词的比较级和最高级一般在其前加more, most	interesting	more interesting	most interesting
	exciting	more exciting	most exciting

 

②　不规则变化