火爆全网的“多巴胺穿搭”，真的能让人快乐吗？课件+翻译+阅读理解-2024届高考英语复习

We Have a Dopamine Problem 我们的多巴胺困境 The neurotransmitter dopamine is eliciting a lot of panic these days. According to books, articles and social media posts, our urge for a quick dopamine hit is why we crave cookies and spend too much time on Instagram. If we keep giving in to these desires, the rationale goes, we'll never be able to stop ourselves. 近来，神经递质多巴胺引发了诸多恐慌。根据书籍、报刊文章和社交媒体所说，我们之所以会总想吃饼干或者在instagram上花太长时间，就是因为我们渴望获得快速的多巴胺刺激。按照这个逻辑，如果我们一直屈从于这些欲望，我们就再也管不住自己了。 Scientists who study dopamine say these concerns have been blown out of proportion. They "are not necessarily based on actual science of what we know about dopamine," said Vijay Namboodiri, an assistant professor of neurology at the University of California, San Francisco. 研究多巴胺的科学家表示，这些担忧有些夸大其词。加州大学旧金山分校神经学助理教授维杰·南布迪里（Vijay Namboodiri）称，这些结论“可能并非基于我们所知的关于多巴胺的真实科学研究”。 In the 1990s, scientists realized that dopamine is more closely related to the anticipation of a reward than to its receipt. Dopamine causes the wanting of something and the motivation to go and get it, not the enjoyment of it. "What we think it maybe does is something like desire," said Talia N. Lerner, an assistant professor of neuroscience at Northwestern University. 上世纪90年代，科学家们意识到，相比于获得奖赏，多巴胺与大脑对奖赏的预期关系更为密切。多巴胺会让我们产生对于某种事物的渴望以及为之付诸行动的动力，而非享用这种事物本身所带来的快感。西北大学神经科学助理教授塔莉娅·N·勒纳（Talia N. Lerner）称：“我们以为多巴胺会产生的作用其实更像是在说‘欲望’。” Some rewarding behaviors can cause problems in people's lives. Activities like gambling and playing video games can lead to patterns of behavior similar to those seen in substance use disorder — namely, continuing the activity despite severe negative consequences. 一些奖赏行为可能给人们的生活带来麻烦。像赌博、打游戏这样的活动可能造成与药物成瘾类似的行为模式——即便后果严重，却依然停不下来。 But that is the exception, not the rule. And while dopamine is involved in addiction, to say that it's only dopamine is an oversimplification. In fact, experimental attempts to treat addiction by altering dopamine activity in the brain haven't worked. 但这是特例，不是