2023届高三英语阅读理解 讲义（阅读的灵魂 上）

高中阅读理解精品教案系列 适用年级：高一程度较好的学生，高二高三 Lesson3-阅读的灵魂（上） ----细节服从于主旨 读一篇文章,我们需要知道这篇文章大致在写什么，围绕着什么中心展开。而对于高考阅读理解而言，它不仅有助于了解把握整篇文章的脉络，还有助于提高做题的准确率。可以说，理解了一篇文章的中心思想，就等于把握了这篇文章的灵魂,也就等于把握了解题的关键。那么，究竟如何更准确地把握一篇文章的中心思想呢? 1.0首尾句串读法-普遍适用 关注文章的首尾段,以及每段话的首(尾)句。首（尾)句串读法使用得最普遍，它几乎适用于所有文章，是考生必须掌握的内容。首尾段和每段话的首（尾)句都是文章的关键位置，作者在行文时通常会把重要内容放在这些地方。因此一般来说，串读文章的首尾段以及每段话的首(尾)句，有助于我们快速获得全文的中心思想。 小提示：建议初学者主要关注:( 1）每段话的首句.暂不考虑尾句;(2)段落中针对首句内容进行转折的句子。（往往出现在第二句，至多到第三句，此后再有转折暂不考虑。） 例1： Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Birds Nowadays Also Have to Adapt to Climate Change B．The Climate Crisis Is Influencing Birds’ Body Shapes C．It’s Our Duty to Take Measures to Protect Birds on the Planet D．It’s Time to Raise Human Beings’ Awareness of Climate Crisis 本题是一道经典的主旨大意题，观察文章的类型，为说明文。因此可以通过首尾句串读法来解题。 原文复现： Birds’ bodies are becoming smaller in size in response to climate change, even in places like the Amazon rainforest that are relatively untouched by human hands, according to a new study published in the journal Science Advances. Researchers found that nearly all of the birds’ bodies have become lighter since the 1980s, losing on average about 2% of their body weight every decade. For an average bird species that weighed about 30 grams in the 1980s, the population now averages about 27.6 grams. The study also revealed that wingspan was getting bigger in the Amazon bird species studied. These birds don’t vary that much in size. When everyone in the population is a couple of grams smaller, it’s significant. This is undoubtedly happening all over and probably not just with birds. A lower body weight and increasing wing length means that birds use energy more efficiently, the researchers noted. For example, compared with a fighter jet with short wings that needs lots of fuel to fly, a glider plane with a thin body and long wings flies up into the air with much less energy. The study concluded that a warmer climate was the driving force of these chang