专题3.2.2 非谓语动词（考点精析+易错点聚焦+考点集训）-2024高考英语一轮复习【语法精准突破】课件（知识梳理+考点精练）

第三讲 复杂多变的动词 专题3.2.2 非谓语动词 非谓语动词的形式及句法功能 种类 时态 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 不定式 一般式 进行式 完成式 动名词 一般式 完成式 分词 现在 一般式 完成式 过去 一般式 考 点 精 析 to do to be done to be doing × to have done to have been done doing being done having done having been done doing being done having done having been done done(vi.)表完成 done(vt.)表被动与完成 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ × × × × × × 非谓语动词的核心考点 1. 非谓语动词作状语 (1)不定式作状语 ①表示目的 He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. ②不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前常加only。 George hurrieded to the station, only to be told that his train had just left. ③too...to... 结构，too 修饰形容词或副词，不定式表示否定含义。only too...to... 或否定词+too...to... 结构，不定式表示肯定含义。 The box is too heavy for me to carry. 箱子太沉，我搬不动。 I am only too pleased to help you. 能帮助您，我感到十分荣幸！ We are never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 ④enough to... 结构，enough 后置修饰形容词或副词，意思是“足以……”。 The boy is old enough to go to school. 孩子这么大了，该上学了。 ⑤不定式有些约定俗成的说法，可以用作独立状语，主要有： to tell the truth / to be honest 说实话 to cut a long story short 长话短说 to make matters worse 更糟糕的是 to be sure 可以肯定的是 to be frank 坦率地说 To be honest, the pay isn’t attractive enough. (2)现在分词作状语 ①一般式doing 表示动作和谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。 Walking in the street, I caught sight of a tailor’s shop. (主动关系) ②完成式having done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子主语是主动关系。 Not having completed the programme, they have to stayed there for another two weeks. ③被动式having been done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子的主语是被动关系。 Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. (被动意义，非谓语动词的动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前) (3)过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系或逻辑上的动宾关系。 Seen from the moon, the earth looks green. Satisfied with what he did, the teacher praised him in class. Compared with you, I still have a long way to go. Explained a hundred times, he still can’t understand it. The cup fell down to the ground, broken into pieces. 时间状语 原因状语 条件状语 让步状语 结果状语 2. 非谓语动词作定语 (1)现在分词作定语 现在分词主动形式(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行；现在分词被动形式(补语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系，表示该动作的被动和进行。