Unit 1 Section 3 Grammar—非限制性定语从句 微讲小本-【赢在微点】轻松课堂2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版2019）

Section 3　Grammar—非限制性定语从句 语法图解 观察句子 1．This is the most amusing short play that I have watched these years. 2．He made great progress, which made his parents very happy. 3．The old lady who lives next to us sells books. 4．You should do all that I said. 5．I have found the teacher whom I am looking for. 6．I visited the factory where my father works. 7．He has three sons, two of whom are engineers. 8．Taiwan, as we all know, belongs to China. 我的领悟 1．1、3、4、5、6句是限制性定语从句，2、7、8句是非限制性定语从句。它们在形式上的区别在于是否与主句用逗号隔开。 2．当先行词是不定代词，或被形容词最高级修饰时用that引导定语从句，如句1、4。 3．引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语/宾语只能用which或whom，不能用that，如句2、7。as引导非限制性定语从句，意思是正如……，如句8。 一、定语从句的概念及分类 1．定语从句 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。 The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday. 那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。(定语从句作后置定语) 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名(代)词或句子叫作先行词。 ①This is the place which is worth visiting. 这是值得参观的地方。 ②He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。 3．关系词 引导定语从句的词叫作关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三大作用：代指先行词，引导定语从句，在从句中作句子成分。 4．分类 (1)限制性定语从句 它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词通常可以省略。 ①Do you know the girl who just came in? 你认识那个刚刚进来的女孩吗？ ②The time when I first met Mr White was a very difficult period of my life. 我第一次遇见怀特先生的时候是在一个我一生中非常困难的时期。 (2)非限制性定语从句 它只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句一般不用that引导。 ①The old woman, who lives on her own, has a cat for company. 这个老妇人一个人住，养了一只猫陪伴她。 ②He whispered to me the news, which was really amazing. 他低声告诉我这个消息，它真令人惊叹。 二、定语从句中关系词的使用 1．只用that不用which的情况 (1)先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时，关系代词通常只用that。 Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你有什么要为自己说的吗？ (2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级， the only, the very, the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。 ①This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever watched. 这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。 ②This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。 (3)先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that，不用which。 The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。 (4)当先行