内容正文:
初高中英语语法衔接材料
第十四讲:特殊句式
感叹句
一、定义
用来表达强烈情感的句子,称之为感叹句,感叹号结尾,通常由how或what开头,用以加强表达程度。
2、 类型
1.what引导的感叹句
(1) What+a/an+(adj.)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
(2) What+(adj.)+不可数名词/可数名词复数+主语+谓语!
2.how引导的感叹句
(1) How+形容词/副词+主语(不可数名词或可数名词单数/复数)+谓语+(其它)+!
(2)How+主语+谓语!
E.g. What a strange plant ( it is)! =How strange the plant is!
The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.
How time flies!
三、口诀分享(考试通常考查用what还是how)
1.去掉主谓看句末句末是名词用what (a/an),句末是形容词或副词用how
例题①: _____ interesting movies they are!填What (去掉主谓they are,看句末movies,movies为可数名词复数,用what。如果这题movies改为movie,那么答案就要变成What an)
例题②: _____ interesting the movie is! 填How (去掉主谓the movie is,看句末interesting,interesting为形容词,用how)
2.缩略型感叹句,直接看句末句末是名词用what (a/an),句末是形容词或副词用how
例题①: _____ boring ! 填How (直接看句末boring,boring是形容词,用how)
例题②: _____ beautiful house! (直接看句末house,house是可数名词单数,用what a)
倒装句
一、定义
倒装句属于特殊句里的一种,正常语序是"主语+谓语+其它",而倒装句里常见"谓语+主语+其它",除了谓语倒装,还会有其它强调成分的倒装。
二、分类
1.形式倒装
这一类倒装,没有把主谓调换,只是将强调的内容前置,属于特殊的倒装。常见的有感叹句、比较级连用、让步状语从句. 由as/though引导让步状语从句倒装句式为:表语/状语/动词原形+as+主语+其他。
①How interesting the movie is! 好有趣的电影!(形容的部分提前→表语倒装)
②The harder you work, the luckier you will be. 越努力越幸运。(比较级提前→表语/状语倒装)
③Very much as/though Tim likes Linda, he won't tell Linda about it. 尽管Tim很喜欢Linda, 但他不会告诉Linda这件事。(程度副词提前→状语倒装)
④Happy as Tom was, he didn't smile. 尽管Tom很开心,但他没笑。(形容词提前→表语倒装)
2.部分倒装
部分倒装主要指把谓语的一部分前置到主语前,其它放主语后。前置的这一部分通常指的是助动词do/did/does/was/were/are/is/have/will等时态助动词、情态助动词、系动词be。如果是主从复合句,比如条件状语从句,主句会出现倒装,从句不倒装。
(1)only类
①Only when Linda told him did Tom realize that he was also loved. 直到Linda告诉他,Tom才意识到他也被爱着。
②Only then did Tom begin to like apples. 直到那时,Tom才开始喜欢苹果。
③Only by working harder will you live a better life. 你只有努力工作,生活才会更好。
(2)so类
So+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语(翻译为"......也是/也同意")
①Linda likes apples. So does Tom. Linda喜欢苹果。Tom也喜欢。
②Linda is a student. So is Tom. Linda是一名学生。Tom也是。
③Linda can swim. So can Tom. Linda会游泳。Tom也会。
so/such...that...放句首(翻译为"如此......以致于......")
①So happy was Tom that he bought himself a big cake. Tom如此开心以致