第10讲：定语从句（一）（思维导图+知识详解+专题过关）-2023年初升高英语暑假衔接精品课程（原卷版+解析版）

第10讲：定语从句（一）（思维导图+知识详解+专题过关） 2023年初升高英语暑假衔接精品课程（原卷版） 思维导图： 知识详解 定语从句起到形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，其作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。 I. 定语从句引导词之关系代词 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例 句 备 注 关系代 词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.. whose 人或物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that 人或物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人或物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. As we all know，she is a kind-hearted girl. as做宾语一般不省略 II. 定语从句中的重要考点 1. 只能用that的情况： ⑴ 先行词为不定代词 all, none, few, little, much, something, anything, nothing, everything，etc。 ⑵ 先行词被all, each, few, little, much, some, any, no, every,等修饰时。 ⑶ 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级。 ⑷ 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, the next修饰时。 ⑸ 先行词同时指人和指物时。 ⑹ 在以which, who开头的的特殊疑问句时,为避免重复。 2.只能用which，不能用that的情况 ⑴ 介词后面不能用that ，指人只能用whom, 指物只能用which ⑵ 在非限制性定语从句中，即逗号后面不能用that ，指人，做主语用who, 宾语用whom; 指物只能用which ⑶ 指代前面整个句子，不能用that，只能用which，翻译成中文为“这”。 3．which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别 which as 位置上 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可放在主句前也可放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中 搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，as (it) often happens, as I remember, as is often the case, as is expected, as is known to us, as is shown 意思上 意为“这一点” 意为“正如……，正像……的那样” 注意：先行词被such, as many(much)和the same修饰，从句用 as 引导。 “the same…that表示同一个人或物，而 “the same...as...”表示同种类的人或物 I would like to use the same tool as you used yesterday. I would like to use the same tool that you used yesterday. 4. the way 做先行词时 ：the way 做先行词，在从句中做状语时，关系词可用in which, t