WELCOME UNIT Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures（Word教参）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语必修第一册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures 句子成分和简单句的基本句型结构 [对应学生用书P14] [观察] 1.My name is Amy. 2.A boy meets a girl during a break. 3.We must act. 4.The teacher found the classroom empty. 5.My mum bought me a new dictionary. [探究] 1.判断以上句子的句子结构 A.主语＋谓语 B.主语＋系动词＋表语 C.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语 D.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语 E.主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 句1 B；句2 C；句3 A；句4 D；句5 E 2.以上5个句子都是简单句。 1.英语句子一般由哪些成分组成？ 根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用，英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、表语、 宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。 2.英语常见的简单句有多少种基本句型？ 8种。 一、句子成分 句子的组成成分叫句子成分，也叫句法成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。 根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用，英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。 (一)主语(subject) [感知] 1.She has already called 911.(代词) 2.The accident happened yesterday evening.(名词) 3.It is important to save electricity.(动词不定式) 4.Cycling and boating are my favorite free time interests.(动词­ing形式) 5.There was a huge pond just a few kilometers away from my home.(名词短语) 6.Will they come to see us this weekend? (代词) [归纳] 主语是句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动词­ing形式或从句等充当。主语一般位于句首，但并非总是出现在句首(如倒装句、疑问句和一些特殊句式)。 [即练] 用下划线画出下列句中的主语 ①I was wrong. ②The class was difficult. ③Swimming is my favourite. ④It is important to learn English. (二)谓语(predicate) [感知] 1.He practises running every morning.(动词) 2.The owner couldn't believe it.(情态动词＋动词原形) 3.She didn't want the bird to die.(助动词＋动词原形) 4.David and his men were preparing for the journey.(be动词＋动词­ing形式) [归纳] 1.谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。 2.谓语分简单谓语和复合谓语。简单谓语由一个动词或动词词组构成，复合谓语由“情态动词或其他助动词＋动词(原形或其他形式)”构成。 [即练] 用下划线画出下列句中的谓语 ①I want to make a good first impression. ②I couldn't concentrate on the experiment. ③I didn't feel awkward or frightened at all. (三)宾语(object) [感知] 1.I will go to see a film this weekend.(名词短语) 2.He often helps me.(代词) 3.He likes watching TV.(动词­ing形式) 4.He likes to watch TV.(动词不定式) 5.I gave her my address.(直接宾语为名词短语，间接宾语为代词) [归纳] 宾语就是动作的对象，是行为或动作的承受者。宾语常位于动词或介词后。通常由名词(短语)、代词、动词­ing形式和动词不定式(短语)等充当。 及物动词可以直接跟宾语，不及物动词需要加相应的介词才可以跟宾语。 [即练] 用下划线画出下列句中的宾语 ①I like to get up early. ②They prefer going with