内容正文:
Unit 5 The Value of Money
Discovering Useful Structures
过去将来时
1.过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用在宾语从句中。一般由“would/should+动词原形”构成。
She hoped that they would meet again someday.
她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。
I rang up to tell my father that I should leave for London.
我打电话告诉我父亲我要去伦敦。
2.was/were going to+动词原形:表示过去将要发生或很有可能发生的动作,常用于口语中,表示预言、意图或者打算等。
He was going to start work the following week.
他打算下星期开始工作。
—Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
—I was going to, but I had an unexpected visitor.
——爱丽丝,你昨天为什么没来呀?
——我打算去的,但我家来了个不速之客。
3.was/were about to do:常用来表示即将发生的动作,“刚要/正要做……”。注意该结构不与任何时间状语连用。
I felt that something terrible was about to happen.
我感到某种可怕的事情即将发生。
We were about to go there when it began to rain.
我们刚打算去那儿,这时天下起了雨。
4.start,go,come,leave,see,meet等动词的过去进行时:表示就过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。
She was coming later.
她随后就来。
I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine.
我刚穿上外套要去看我的一个朋友。
5.was/were to do:表示“曾计划做某事”,如果表示“本来计划做某事,动作没实现”,则需用“was/were to have done”。
She said she was to have told me about the accident.
她说她本来想告诉我关于事故的事。
He said he was to meet his friend at the station at 4 pm.
他说他下午四点去车站接他的朋友。
情态动词
一、情态动词的定义
情态动词 (Model Verbs) 又称为情态助动词 (Model Auxiliaries),主要有can, may, must, could, might, shall, should, will, would, ought to, need, dare等。情态动词与其他动词连用表示说话人的语气。情态动词可表达能力、请求、许可、建议、命令、义务、禁止、意愿和推测等。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
二、情态动词的基本用法
(一)can/could
1.表示能力,can表示现在的能力,could主要指过去的能力。
You can tell the significance of climate change to us.
你可以告诉我们气候变化的重要意义。
I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.
我本来希望送给彼得一件礼物祝贺他结婚,但没有做到。
误区警示
can表示能力的时候,还可以用be able to代替,表示后来通过努力终于做成了某事。
He was a good swimmer so he was able to swim to the riverbank when the boat sank.
他是一个很擅长游泳的人,所以当船下沉时,他能够游到河岸上。
2.表示请求或许可。
当请求允许做某事时,两者均可用,但用could语气更委婉。当表示允许某人做某事时,一般要用can,而不用could。
—Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning?
—Yes, you can./No,I’m afraid not.
——我明天早晨能用你的自行车吗?
——是的,可以。/不,恐怕不行。
You can go with them if you like.
如果你愿意的话,可以和他们一起去。
3.表示推测。
can表推测时