内容正文:
初高中英语语法衔接材料
第十二讲:状语从句Adverbial Clause
定义:
在句中起到副词的功能,修饰主句或主句中动词、形容词、副词的从句,叫做副词性从句。按其在句⼦充当的成分划分,⼜称为状语从句。
状语从句的分类
状语从句根据表达的意思,可分为9类:时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、⽬的状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句、⽅式状语从句和⽐较状语从句。
三个 从属连词:放在从句前面
特点 语序:用陈述句语序
位置:可位于主句前或后;位于主句前时,一般用逗号与主句隔开
1.时间状语从句:when, as, while, after, before, since, once, until, till, as soon as, every time/each time, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly,
instantly 等
2.地点状语从句:where, wherever等
状语 3.原因状语从句:because, since, as, now(that)等
从句 4.让步状语从句: although, though, even if, even though, as(用于倒装句),whether...or, no matter what/ who/ how/ when (=whatever/ whoever/
九种 however/ whenever), while(一般置于句首)
类型 5.条件状语从句: if, unless, so/as long as, on condition that, suppose/ supposing(that), providing/provided that 等
6.结果状语从句: so that, so...that..., such...that.. 等
7.目的状语从句:so that, in order that, for fear that, in case 等
8.比较状语从句:as...as, not so/as...as, than 等
9.方式状语从句:as, as if, as though
1. 时间状语从句(Adverbial Clause of Time)
常见从属连词: when, while, as当……时候,在……期间,随着……, whenever 无论何时,as soon as⼀……就……, until, till,直到……为⽌, not….until直到……才,before在……之前, after在……之后,since⾃从……以后,by the time到……的时候
特殊从属连词(组):immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, the second ⽴刻,⼀……就......
hardly...when..., no sooner...than...,scarcely…when...刚刚……,就……
once(⼀旦;⼀……就)each time, every time( 每⼀次,每⼀次)
(1)when,while,as,whenever引导的时间状语从句
★when引导时间状语从句,表示“当……的时候”。
When I was younger, I always stayed up late before the final exam.
在我年少的时候,我总是在考试前熬夜。
When she stops talking to me, I know she is angry.
当她不跟我说话时,我就知道她生气了。
I was thinking of you when you texted me.
我正想你你就给我发信息了。
When he came out of the bank, the thief followed him home.
(当他从银⾏出来以后,⼩偷⼀路跟踪他回家。
★while引导时间状语从句,表示“在……期间”,“与……同时”。
当主从句的动词都是可延续性动词,或强调动作同时发⽣的时候,从句常⽤while引导。
While I was waiting for my taxi, three buses went by.
在我等出租⻋时,驶过了三辆公交⻋。
She is playing video games while I'm having lunch.
我在吃午饭的时候,她正在玩游戏。
★as引导时间状语从句,表示“当……时”、“随着”,表示