03 形容词与副词-2023年暑假新高一英语初高中衔接知识抢先学(通用版)

03 形容词与副词 一、形容词、副词的基本用法 1. 形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表达动作的方式。 After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tired. 经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到家，又饿又累。 2. 有些副词还可以作连词，作副词时常放在句末。如：though, (ever)since, in case等。 He is old. He works hard, though. ＝Though he is old, he works hard. 虽然他年事已高，但他工作还是很努力。 3. 有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：obviously, naturally, surprisingly等。 Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA. 幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。 Happily for her, her stepmother was kind to her. 高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。 4. can not/never与enough 或too连用表示：无论怎样都不过分；越……越好。 —I was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down. ——我正在大街上独自一人骑自行车，突然一辆小汽车强行超车把我撞倒了。 —You can never be too careful in the street. ——在大街上你越小心越好。 二、形容词、副词的比较等级 （一）平级比较 1. ＂as＋形容词＋(a/an)＋名词＋as＂表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。 ☞It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. 人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。 2. ＂as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＂与＂not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＂表示同级比较，即两个或两 部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。 ☞The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine. 这项工作不是像你想像得那么难。 （二）比较级 1. 比较级的修饰语有: rather, much，still, any(否定句、疑问句中), even, far, a lot，a bit, a little, a great deal等。 ☞He is much taller than Yao Ming. 他比姚明高多了。 ☞The book is better by far than that one. 这本书比那本书要好得多。 2. 比较级的常见结构： （1）＂比较级+than＂结构可以表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。 ☞You look much younger than I do. 你看上去比我年轻多了。 ☞She doesn’t work harder than you. 她工作不如你努力。 （2）由more, fewer, less+名词构成的比较级 ①more ＂比……多＂，后接复数名词或不可数名词 ☞I have more news books than my cousin. ☞He has more milk than I. ②less ＂比……少＂，后接不可数名词 ☞He has less water than me. ③fewer＂比……少＂，后接复数名词 ☞They have fewer flowers than we . 3. 比较级的特殊结构 （1）The more…, the more…表示＂越……，就越……＂(more代表比较级) ☞The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越细心，你犯的错误就越少。 ☞The happier you are, the more friends you will make. 你越快乐，你将会交越多的朋友。 2.＂比较级+比较级＂和＂more and more+多音节词原级＂表示＂越来越……＂ ☞Our school is cleaner and cleane