内容正文:
初高中英语语法衔接材料
第十一讲:定语从句
关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
1、 基本
概念
1.定语从句:修饰名词或代词的句子。
2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词。
关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose
关系副词:when,where,why
2、 关系代词的基本用法
1.that在从句中作主语或宾语
指物
This is a book that interests a large number of people.(作主语)
Is there anything (that) I can do for you?(作宾语)
指人
He that could eat the fruit must climb the tree.(作主语)
He is a man (that)you can safely trust.(作宾语)
2.which在从句中作主语或宾语
指物
The bus which has just left was the last one today.(作主语)
The fish (which) I bought this morning were not fresh. (作宾语)
3.who,whom在从句中分别作主语或宾语
指人
The expert who visited our class yesterday is from Canada.(作主语)
Is he the boy who always wins maths competitions?(作主语)
The one (who/whom) we are talking about is a scientist.(作宾语)
This is the teacher to whom I referred.(作宾语)
4.whose在从句中作定语
指人
She is the girl whose brother is studying a broad.(作定语)
指物
The room whose window faces south is m nine.(作定语)
说明:关系代词that ,which, who,whom 在从句中作宾语时,特别是在口语或非正式的书面表达中,常常省略。
三、关系代词的特殊用法
三、关系代词的特殊用法
1.指物时只用that不用which
(1)当先行词是不定代词everything、anything nothing、all、none等时,或当先行词受 every、 any、all、few等词修饰时,关系代词一般用that。
(2)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词
一般用that。
(3)当先行词被序数词修饰时,关系代词一般用
that.
(4) 当先行词表示“正是的”,由the very、the only修饰时,关系代词一般用 that。
(5) 当先行词包括人与物时,关系代词一般用 that。
当先行词前面有 who,which.等疑问代词时,关系代词一般用that。
2.指物时只用which不用that
(1)当非限制性定语从句中,指物只用which。
These apple trees, which I planted three years age,haven’t borne any fruit.(苹果树没有结果子)
(2)在介词+关系代词引导定语从句时只用which。
(3)先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.
3.指人时只用who不用that
(1)先行词是those,these指人时,关系代词用who。
(2)先行词是人称代词时,关系代词常用who。
(3)不定代词one,someone,anyone,
everyone,no one,somebody,anybody,
everybody作先行词时,关系代词用who。
(4)非限制性定语从句中,先行词是人时,用who不用that。
四、定语从句的注意事项
1.当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词与先行词在数上保持一致。
2.“one of +复数名词”作先行词时,定语从句修饰的是复数名词,所以如果关系代词在定语从句中作主语,从句谓语动词应用复数形式。
3.“the only one of +复数名词”作先行词时,