第08讲：非谓语动词（思维导图+知识详解+专题过关）-2023年初升高英语暑假衔接精品课程（原卷版+解析版）

第08讲：非谓语动词（思维导图+知识详解+专题过关） 2023年初升高英语暑假衔接精品课程（原卷版） 思维导图： 知识详解 1. 动词不定式 （1）如主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语等。例如: To see is to believe. (作主语及表语) I should like to go with you. (作宾语) You are the first to come here./I have something to tell you./ I have the ability to finish the task. (只作后置定语) He was too excited to say a word.（作状语） （2） 用动词不定式作主语时，经常用it作形式主语，例如： It is easy for us to learn English well. （3）如果两个或两个以上的不定式并列使用， 后面的不定式往往省略to.例如： I want you to stand beside me and hold the books. （4）在表示感觉的动词如see，feel, watch, hear等及表示“使役”的动词如make, let, have等后面， 动词不定式省去to；在动词help后面，动词不定式可以带to，也可以不带to.例如： Food, sleep and exercise help children (to) grow. Don’t let the children play with fire. We watched him drive off. (5) 动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”。例如： Mr. King told his students not to talk in class. (6) 在had better后面的动词不定式不带to。例如： You had better do it right now. You’d better not go there with them. (7) 动词不定式可以和疑问代词who, what, which以及疑问副词when, where, how等连用，多用作tell(告诉)，ask(问)，know(知道)，wonder(想知道)，learn(学会)，find out(发现)等动词的宾语，其作用相当于宾语从句。例如： We are learning how to use a computer. I showed her what to do with the dirty clothes. He didn’t know where to go. (8) 复合结构….for sb. to do sth. 例如： It was easy for me to answer the question.（作主语） I found it easy for me to answer the question.(作介词宾语) There was an easy question for me to answer.(作定语) The question was easy for me to answer.(作状语) 2. 动词-ing形式（动名词） 动名词是由动词的ing形式构成，兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词。它可以带有自己的宾语，也能被副词修饰。 (1) 动名词有时态和语态的变化，可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。 My cousin practices playing football every day.（作宾语） She left the office without saying good-bye.(作介词宾语) Seeing is believing.(作主语及表语) Mr. Green is in the reading room.(作定语) The man standing by the door is our maths teacher.(作定语) （2）只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的常见及物动词有finish、enjoy、consider、practise、miss、avoid、suggest、admit、mind、give up、keep（on）、be used to、be busy、look forward to，pay attention to, feel like, give up等。例如： I enjoy playing basketball very much. My father gave up smoking ten years ago. 其他难点、易错点 1. 有些谓语动词之后既可以加动词不定式to do，也可以加动名