内容正文:
意义分类
1. 实义动词:有完整意义,可独立做谓语。
1.1 及物动词:可以接宾语,有被动语态
"主+谓+宾"
He reached Paris the day before yesterday. 前天他到巴黎。
"主+谓+双宾"
Please hand me the book over there. 帮我递下书。
"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构
They asked me to go fishing with them.
他们喊我去钓鱼。
意义分类
1. 实义动词:有完整意义,可独立做谓语。
1.2 不及物动词:不直接接宾语,加介词后接宾语,无被动语态
"主+谓"
The manager arrived at the airport at about seven. 经理七点抵达机场。
非延续性动词:表示的是短暂性动作,没有持续性,即“一发生就结束”,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
常见词:go(走) come(来) leave(离开) arrive(到达) join(加入) find(发现) happen(发生)
He has joined the club for a long time.(×)
He has been a member of the club for a long time.(√)他是这儿的会员。
2. 系动词:表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”
有词义,但不完整
不能单独作谓语
跟表语构成“主系表”结构
We are in Grade Two this year.(今年我们在两年级。)
are,是 are 这个词的词义“是”在句子中常常不译出。
连系动词可具体分为三类:be动词+感官动词+表变化动词
2.1 表示“是”的动词be
这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式,is,am,are,was,were,have/has been等要特别予以注意。
He is a teacher.(他是个教师。)
He was a soldier two years ago.(两年前他是个士兵。)
We are Chinese.(我们是中国人。)
2.2 表示“感觉”的词,如look(看起来),feel(觉得,摸起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来)等。
She looked tired.(她看一去很疲劳。)
I feel ill.(我觉得不舒服。)
Cotton feels soft.(棉花摸起来很软。)
The story sounds interesting.(这个故事听起来很有趣。)
The flowers smell sweet.(这些花闻起来很香。)
The mixture tasted horrible.(这药水太难喝了。)
2.3 表示“变”、“变成”的意思的词,如become, get, grow, turn out, seem 都解释为“变”、“变得”。
She became a college student.(她成了一名大学生。)
He feels sick. His face turns white.
(他感到不舒服,他的脸色变苍白了。)
The weather gets warmer and the days get longer when spring comes.
(春天来了,天气变得暖和些了,白天也变得较长些了。)
He grew old.(他老了。)
3. 情态动词:表示说话人情绪态度的助动词
可以表示推测意义或非推测性意义
没有人称和单复数
不能单独使用,需要与动词一起构成谓语
情态动词后面的动词用原形
will(would)将要 shall(should)应该 can(could)可以
may(might)可能 must 必须
need 需要
ought to 应该
had better 最好
can(现)= be able to(现/将/完)
could have done 本能做,没做(遗憾)
We could have done it much better. 我们本可以做的更好。
must(主)=have to(客)
must not=mustn't 禁止
not have to 没必要
should= ought to
should have done 本应该做,没做/shouldn't have done 本不该做,做了
You shouldn't have