第11讲 题型讲解-阅读理解做题提升-《知识提炼 能力训练》2023年新高二英语暑假衔接作业课程（译林牛津版）

阅读理解做题提升 （一）主旨大意 ①如果第一段以人物故事开头，第一段则是引子，中心句应在第二段。 ②讲故事类文章的中心一般为文章最后一句。 （1）主题句位于文章或段落的开头： 主题句出现在段首，开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的写作方法。 【例文1】 People who talk and sing to plants have no mental problems at all, according to an agricultural expert. "In fact, singing and talking to plants makes them grow better," says Dr Braymar. The reason is quite simple. When we sing or talk to plants, we exhale（呼出） CO2 which plants need to survive and grow better. Plants absorb CO2 through their pores（小孔） during the sunlight hours and produce oxygen which people need to survive. Singing and talking have good effects on plants, however, only during the daytime. Singing or talking at bedtime will not help plants to grow better or grow faster. 本段的首句是主题句，其后的句子或是解释说明“对植物说话或唱歌有益于植物”，或是为这一主题思想提供论据。本段的结尾句呼应主题句，在给予主题思想又一论据的同时，幽默地收尾。 【例文2】 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. 本段的首句是主题句，点明人在食物的口味上是有所不同的。其后的句子都是在进一步地阐述这个主题。 例Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions. They will allow the worker to keep the elbows（肘）next to the body to prevent damage to the shoulder and arm. Overuse injuries can therefore be prevented or reduced if the employer provides, and workers use: …… Q: What is the best title for the passage? A. Good Tool Design for Women B. Importance of Good Tool Design C. Tool Design and Prevention of Injuries D. Overuse of Tools and Worker Protection （2）主题句位于文章结尾。 【例文1】 If you hadn't known them, you would have thought Joe and Jim were qui