定语从句讲义-2023届高三英语一轮复习

定语从句 定语从句：一个句子跟在一个名词或代词后，对这个名词（代词）进行修饰限定的句子就叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词；定语从句结构=先行词+关系词+从句 关系词的种类 关系代词：who，whom，which，that，在从句中可作主语或宾语 例：The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun. （我昨天买的那本书是鲁迅写的） 表所属的关系代词：whose，译为“……的”在从句中作定语 例1： Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?（你知道那个穿白色裙子的女孩吗？） 例2：Did you read the book whose cover is red? (你读过红色封面的那本书吗？） 关系副词：why=for which，where=in/ at/ on which，when=during/ on/ in which，在从句中作状语 when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came. where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. (3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born. 关系词在句中作用有3种： · 连接作用，连接主句和定语从句 · 指代前面的先行词 · 在定语从句中担当成分 关系词的选择 定语从句会不会用，关键在于选对关系词，关系词的选择要依据2种情况来定： 1. 看先行词（被定语从句修饰的词） 先行词是“物”可能用which，that，whose，where，when，why等 先行词是“人”可能用who，whom，that，whose等 2. 看关系词在定语从句中所担任的句子成分 ① 先行词是人且关系词在从句中作主语，用who/that He is a man who never breaks his word. 他是个从不食言的人 ② 先行词是人且关系词在从句中作宾语，用whom/that He is such a man (that) no one likes.他是一个不受欢迎的人 ③ 先行词是物且关系词在定语从句中作主语，用that,which. The dog that/ which won the race is John’s. 比赛获胜的那头狗是约翰的 ④ 先行词是物且关系词在从句中作宾语，用that,which，也可以省略 The letter(that /which) I received yesterday was from my brother.我昨天收到的那封信是我兄弟寄来的。 记住：关系代词作宾语或表语是可以省略的，作主语是不能省略的，因为主语后直接是动词，省略的话就出现先行词直接接从句动词的语法错误。举例：Is there anything that you want to say? 中的that就可以省略。而He is the headmaster of this school who also teaches Chemistry. 中的who就不能省略。 ⑤ 先行词是“人”或“物”，关系词在从句中作定语表所属关系，用whose引导定语从句 例：That is a book whose cover is blue.那是一本封面是蓝色的书.（先行词是“物”book,所属关系