2023届高考英语重点语法总结讲义

名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等成分。因此,根据在句中不同的语法功能名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同谓语从句。 一.主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1.that引导的主语从句 That引导的主语从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,也没有实际意义,一般情况下that不可省略。 (1)that引导的主语从句置于句首 That the moon travels around the earth once every month is known to everyone. That prices for fruit will go up is certain. (2)形式主语it 代替主语从句和it 引导的强调句比较 It代替主语从句的作用就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连词没有发生变化。而it 引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如: It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is John that broke the window(强调句型) It is in the morning that the murder took place.(强调句型) 2.用it作形式主语的结构 (1)It is+名词+从句 It is a fact that… 事实是… It is an honor that… …非常荣幸 (2)It is+形容词+从句 It is natural that… 很自然… It is strange that… 奇怪的是… (3)It is+不及物动词+从句 It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… It appears that… 似乎… (4)It is+过去分词+从句 It is reported that… 据报道… It is said that… 据说… 3.whether引导的主语从句 Whether引导的主语从句可置于句首,if不引导主语从句 Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance. 他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。 Whether we will build another lecture building has not been decided. 他们是否要建一座教学楼楼还没有决定。 4.wh-类连词引导的主语从句 wh-类连接词包括wh-类的连接代词(who、whom、whose、what、whoever、whoseever、whomever、whateve等r)和连接副词(when、where、how、why、whenever、whereever、however等),what也可不表示疑问,表示“...的事,话,东西”等。 What you said yesterday is right 二.宾语从句 名词从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。 1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句。 由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如果从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。 He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。 We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。 注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。 I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。 The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。 2. 用who