内容正文:
第1讲 名词和数词
题型
高考典题试做
命题角度解读
语法填空
1.(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations(population) and homes of giant pandas,and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
2.(2021·全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours,but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.
3.(2020·浙江卷)Later,they learned to work with the seasons (season),planting at the right time and,in dry areas,making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.
4.(2020·浙江1月卷)For Japan,the numbers (number) are more striking—22 in 1950,46 today and 53 in 2050.
1.给出名词的单数形式,考查其复数形式;
2.给出数词的基数词形式,考查其序数词形式。
名词的数
一、名词单数变复数的规则变化
变化规则
例词
一般情况加s
map→maps;girl→girls;house→houses
以th结尾的,加s
month→months;truth→truths
以s,x,sh,ch
结尾的,加es
class→classes;box→boxes;
brush→brushes;match→matches
注意:stomach(胃)的复数是
stomachs;ox(公牛)的复数是oxen
以“辅音字
母+y”结
尾的,变y为
i再加es
city→cities;country→countries;
party→parties;factory→factories
注意:以“元音字母+y”结尾的则
直接加s,如boy→boys;toy→toys
以“辅音字母
+o”结尾的,
一般加es
tomato→tomatoes;potato→potatoes;hero→heroes;Negro→Negroes(e)s
注意:1.少数名词加s或es均可,如volcano→volcano(e)s;
mosquito→mosquito(e)s;mango→mango(e)s
2.少数名词只加s,如piano→pianos;photo→photos
以“元音字母
+o”结尾的,
加s
radio→radios;zoo→zoos;
bamboo→bamboos
以f,fe结尾
的,通常变
f或fe为v,
再加es
half→halves;leaf→leaves;
shelf→shelves;thief→thieves;
wolf→wolves;wife→wives;
life→lives;knife→knives
注意:1.也有的直接加s,
如roof→roofs;chief→chiefs
2.还存在有两种复数形式的,
如handkerchief→handkerchiefs/
handkerchieves
合成名词变复
数时,通常只将
里面所含的主体
名词变成复数,
如果没有主体名
词,则将最后一
部分变成复数
soninlaw→sonsinlaw
passerby→passersby
storyteller→storytellers
gobetween→gobetweens
grownup→grownups
二、名词单数变复数的不规则变化
变化情况
例词
特殊变化
child→children;foot→feet;tooth→teeth;mouse→mice;
man→men;woman→women
注意:由man或woman构成的
合成词,其复数形式也是men和
women,如an Englishman→two
Englishmen;但German不是合
成词,故复数形式为Germans
有些名词的单
复数有不同的
拼写方法